russian german last names

Lichtenberg. The German language isn’t known for being wistful or flimsy. Use these as suggestions to set meaningful goals and to select the records that will help you achieve your research goals. The chart lists delineate the various ancestral charts that have been purchased by AHSGR members from researchers in Russia. Messer. Odenwald. Geographical Locations. Another tricky thing about German last names: A last name could be what you would call a farm name. This surname comes from the first name Ivan, which was for centuries a very common name, especially among the peasant class. Ostwald. List Of Popular German Last Names Or Surnames Ockert. This page introduces you to the records you can use to discover your German-speaking ancestors who moved from German kingdoms and principalities, Alsace-Lorraine, Russian Poland, Switzerland, or Austria-Hungary to the Russian Empire and later from there to the New World. Most of these Germans were probably associated with trades such as mining, lumber, etc., the professions such as medicine or legal, as well as the arts. Those that came at the invitation of Catherine were farmers needed to develop the vast steppes. In the past, the Russian government has even offered parents-to-be help in choosing a name. In both eastern and western countries, Russian surnames connect families to their Soviet roots. Linde. However, the strategies and records described here often help find such ancestors as well. As the name suggests, some people were named on the basis of the place they came from; Peter von Berlin stands for Peter who came from Berlin, while Ralph Frankfurter stands for Ralph who was from Frankfurt. Non-members $100.00 each, Members $70.00 for both parts Opportunities for genealogical research about Germans from Russia are sometimes limited because—• Some records have been destroyed, lost, or moved to hard-to-locate, private collections.• Some records are restricted from public use.• Some records are hard to use or read.• Some record keepers may be unable or or willing to search the records for you. Lockert. 597,212 Germans were enumerated by self-identification in the 2002 Russian census, making G… All charts are in English unless designated as a Cyrillic chart. This category will also include Yiddish-language surnames, where the surname has its origins in German ... Last edited on 3 May 2020, at 17:55. Markus. September 29, 2017 Andrew Mennonite Life. Ostermeyer. Nimz. Last. Mandel. Ludwig. Russian last names are common across the globe. Because the majority of Low-German Mennonites in North America are descended from those who once lived in Russia, they are often, incorrectly, referred to as the Russian Mennonites. After that, however, the similarity ends, and Russian surnames become unique things among European nations. Nessel. Mayer. You are encouraged to share your family information with the village coordinator for the village where your ancestor lived. Russia is the biggest country in the world, spanning from eastern Europe all the way to eastern Asia. View only at AHSGR. These prices include shipping and handling. A Meier – the third most common German surname – was a high-ranking peasant entrusted with supervising the property of his local baron. Pahl. Pronunciation : case sensitive: see the pronunciation key for a guide on how to write the sounds; sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations * is a wildcard that will match zero or more letters in the pronunciation example: *lee matches names which end with the sound lee _ is a wildcard that will match exactly one letter in the pronunciation Whether you are just looking for cool German last names or doing some research on German names, our generator should be of use. Russian Nicknames. Some charts are on order, but the chart has not been received. In 1762, Sophie Fredericke Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst, a German native of Stettin, displaced her husband Peter III and took the vacant Russian imperial throne, assuming the name of Catherine II. We all know Mennos like to have large families, but some of us are considerably more prolific in this department than others. The Origin of German Last Names . Despite it's enormous size, Russia ranks 9th in terms of population size, with a population of 144 million people. Classification of Names. To obtain a copy of a chart for which AHSGR does not have permission to copy, the potential purchaser must contact the person that submitted the chart to determine the availability of the chart. The German states and principalities were often the battlegrounds of Europe as French, Russian, Swedish, Austrian and Papal armies waged war for land, loot, and religion. For example Robert of Locksley in England would be called Robert Lokslejski in Poland. Old Russian First Names. In ancient Russian mythology, eagle – is the lord of the heavens: strong, healthy and long-lived. Most German surnames derive either from archaic professions (such as Schmidt, Müller, … Need help finding your Russian town where your Germans came from? Muehl. The generator includes both common German last names as well as currently popular German last names. The Protestant Reformation and subsequent Thirty Years War, in particular, turned Germany into a hotbed of religious warfare. The names are great for German characters in fictional stories. Lehr. Osen. Lillich. Generally, you must know the specific town in Russia or Ukraine where your ancestor was born before beginning research for Germans in Russia or Ukraine. This includes Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, and others. However, people hardly ever think of the origins of their surnames. Last names can reveal where your ancestors came from, or what they did for a living. Nacht. If you own a chart or have ordered a chart that you would like to have included on this list, please send your information to: Maggie Hein About 20% of the German population today have surnames of Slavic origin. In 1914, the number of Germans living in the Russian Empire was estimated as 2,416,290. Surnames of German language origin. We're Hiring! If a German moved onto someone else's farm, it was not uncommon to change his last name to that of the farm. For example, the surname Meyer means dairy farmer today, whereas, during the Middle Ages, Meyer designated people who were stewards of landholders. Nickol. These occupational names form the largest group among the German family names. Image: Moscow, Russia. have a general culture that allows them to distinguish German, Polish and Russian spellings, and, moreover; have some knowledge of European political history of the 19th and 20th centuries, people often speak of German, Polish or Russian Jewish surnames. German surnames were derived from four main sources, and each of these are described as below. Other Germans, especially those in Volhynia, arrived because of the availability of cheap land. 23 hours agoWe're Hiring! They include Schneider (tailor), Fischer (fisherman), Weber (weaver) and Meier (also Mayer and Meyer). In 1762, Sophie Fredericke Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst, a German native of Stettin, displaced her husband Peter III and took the vacant Russian imperial throne, assuming the name of Catherine II. AHSGR members and non-members may purchase charts that are available for purchase through AHSGR: Members $50.00 each Kalashnik. Kotov The Top 50 Most Common Russian Mennonite Surnames. Village coordinators are individuals who coordinate the gathering of information and compiling of databases about the inhabitants of specific Germanic villages in Russia. "Catherine the Great" published manifestos in 1762 and 1763 inviting Europeans, (except Jews) to immigrate and farm Russian lands while maintaining their language and culture. For additional details about family history research in these countries see also: Ⓒ 2020 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved. There are almost 100,000 Ivanovs just in Moscow, despite the fact that the majority of Ivanovs live in Russian regions. ... Descriptive German Last Names. Lena Clara/Getty. Thank you for visiting the website of the American Historical Society of Germans from Russia (AHSGR). This page was last edited on 3 May 2020, at 17:55 (UTC). The Surname Exchange consists of the following two documents which correspond to the original two sections in the Staumbaum : The Surname Exchange List contains all the surnames currently on file and the code numbers of members who are researching those surnames.. This page was last edited on 7 July 2020, at 16:01. Names of birds in Russiaoften became a source of first and last names. 1 hour agoREVISED 1870 - 1884 Brunnental, Russia Communion Register is now available at the AHSGR bookstore. This name generator will generate 10 random Russian names. Majer. Most of the last names ending with an ‘-enko’ have originated in Ukraine. Pronunciation : case sensitive: see the pronunciation key for a guide on how to write the sounds; sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations * is a wildcard that will match zero or more letters in the pronunciation example: *lee matches names which end with the sound lee _ is a wildcard that will match exactly one letter in the pronunciation This is one of the most common last names in Bulgaria and Russia. List Of Popular German Last Names Or Surnames. Payment must be received in advance with notification as to which chart(s) one wishes to purchase. Occasionally, surname charts surface that we cannot contribute to any one individual. The upcoming calendar is currently empty. Glencoe. You may also benefit from information already submitted by others. Germans responded in particularly large numbers due to poor conditions in their home regions. Ivanov is derived from Ivan or John and refers to ‘God’s Grace’. Offen. Many of the charts have been donated to the Society, and some of these charts are available for purchase from AHSGR. Russian last names are similar to last names in English, but there are male forms and female forms of Russian last names, with female forms generally adding an "a." Nix. Russian name generator . You will need some basic understanding of genealogical research procedures. This name is of Teutonic (a tribe that inhabited coastal Germany) origin, which means ‘illustrious.’. By 2002, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, many ethnic Germans had left and the population fell by half to roughly one million. In fact, it’s quite the opposite — German is a strong language, so it’s no surprise that their names are, too. Neumann. This is mostly true. Lux. Metz. When the chart is noted with a "contact the submitter" - we are asking that you take the time to write to the commissioner of the chart with your ancestral lineage. For example Robert of Locksley in England would be called Robert Lokslejski in Poland. The Members Code List contains a cross reference of member code numbers with their corresponding mailing address. You may want to read the Wiki article Principles of Family History Research, or the booklet A Guide to Research (30971) which is also available at theFamily History Library and at Family History Centers™. AHSGR is dedicated to making this research available to those who are researching these lines. Merkel. The individual(s) or village chart coordinator commissioning the chart are listed on each chart. See also: TOP 28 Cool Russian Names. Kamenev. Any corrections or updated information to this list will be greatly appreciated. Hello, beautiful people!in this video, we are going to talk about German and Russian famous surnames and it's meanings. Lauer. Surname Charts. Email: frank-vc-2@comcast.net. Lemmer. In 1989, the ethnic German population of the Soviet Union was roughly 2 million. 60022 It is therefore the policy that these charts be listed as commissioner unknown. Established in 1968, AHSGR is an international organization dedicated to the discovery, collection, preservation, and dissemination of information related to the history, cultural heritage and genealogy of Germanic settlers in the Russian Empire and their descendants. The meanings of German last names are those as defined initially when these names became surnames. copying or distributing any parts of this work, digitally or on paper, without explicit license by the American Historical Society of Germans from Russia. Russian surnames can take different forms on the basis of gender. Whether you want something simple and traditional or something out of the ordinary, these German last names are sure to pack the punch you’re looking for. Oberhaus. Therefore, in everyday life people used nicknames. Lukas. Lindt. [2] Polish surnames in Germany abound as a result of over 100,000 people (including 130,000 " Ruhrpolen ") immigrating westward from the Polish-speaking areas of the German Empire in … The charts listed on the web pages herein are clearly marked with purchase methods. Neither Germans who stayed in the Russia/Ukraine area, nor Germans who settled along the edges of the Russian Empire in places like Romania, Bulgaria Genealogy, Yugoslavia or the Baltic States are the focus of this set of Wiki pages. A service provided by, Germans from Russia Settlement Locations Map, https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=Germans_from_Russia_Genealogy&oldid=4021031, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Getting Information on German Protestant Ancestors Related Books. Copyright notices must not be removed from any component of this work. Copyright law strictly prohibits copying or distributing any parts of this work, digitally or on paper, without explicit license by the American Historical Society of Germans from Russia. Box 418 Ivanov (Иванов) remains one of the most popular last names in Russia. 44. Contact information has been provided for pre-ordering those charts. Mauer. Orel means eagle in Russian. Mehr. Some charts have been researched and created by individuals and are listed as “Created by” instead of “Commissioned by”. Naser. Neider. The task of identifying the country of origin of a particular Ashkenazic name is less trivial. The individual(s) or village chart coordinator commissioning the chart are listed on each chart. Click here to view past events and photos », Click link below to join the American Historical Society Of Germans From Russia, Membership Management Software Powered by, Bessarabian Birth Records from Odessa Library. Here is a history of Russian … Pronunciation : case sensitive: see the pronunciation key for a guide on how to write the sounds; sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations * is a wildcard that will match zero or more letters in the pronunciation example: *lee matches names which end with the sound lee _ is a wildcard that will match exactly one letter in the pronunciation This page has been viewed 19,706 times (16,319 via redirect). The common Russian last names are in the form of possessive adjectives; in comparison, surnames in the form of attributive adjectives and nouns are lesser in number. Lowitz. Most Popular Russian Names on FamilyEducation: Nickita, Feodore, Tasha, Mila. Kosoi – with vision problems. Originated in Ukraine, Kalashnik is an occupational Russian last name that refers to ‘Breadmaker’ or ‘Maker of Kalaches’. It may be used to contact other members who are interested in the same surnames or geographic regions (directly contacting other members of the GGG is a Members Only feature). The German Genealogy Group (GGG) Surname List is a compilation of the surnames submitted by members of the GGG. In Polish ‘-ski’ last name means “of” and is tightly connected with so called ‘sarmatism’ (polish nobility culture). IL. Celebrities with Germans from Russia ancestors: Many German-speaking people also settled in related regions, including, for example, Russian Poland. Abel. Russian surnames started being used relatively recently in history, with the patronymic surname, as was common in other parts of Europe. Numerous names that are identical or have a similar structure were acquired at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries in Alsace, German provinces, Austria, Czech lands, Hungary, Galicia, Congress (Russian) Poland and the Russian Pale of Settlement. Because of this, German last names can be found throughout bordering countries, including Poland, Austria, France and Spain. Charts available for purchase from individuals or village chart coordinators vary in price, and the price is set by the owner of the chart or the village chart coordinator. In Russia from the 18th century to the mid-19th century majority of population did not use to have any surnames at all. Russian, German, and Austrian Ancestors in Poland. Lena Clara/Getty. The chart lists delineate the various ancestral charts that have been purchased by AHSGR members from researchers in Russia. Although the above describes the beginnings of major German migration into Russia, it should also be noted that many Germans lived there prior to the time of Catherine. Germanic languages have had a huge influence in the development of certain English words, and surnames with German origins are therefore common in English-speaking countries. Alexeev — defender; Andreyev — property of Andrew; Baranov — ram; Bobrov — beaver; Bogomolov — pious one; Bykov — bull; Chernov — black; Chugunkin — cast iron; Drozdov — thrush; Egorov — farmer; Fedorov — gift of God; Golubev — pigeon; Gorky — extremely bitter If a German moved onto someone else's farm, it was not uncommon to change his last name to that of the farm. One copy of this work may reside on a single computer at the licensee's designated site, in addition to a backup copy. Loeb. German last names have a strong presence in both Christian and Jewish communities across the globe. Oberlin. For example, a German Lutheran church was established in Irkutsk, Siberia in the early 1700s. If your second name is Lebedev, Ivanov or Preobrazhensky, read on to find out your roots. Therefore, our today’s article will tell you about the origins of the most common Russian surnames. Let’s have a look. 43. Aber. Willkommen! Another tricky thing about German last names: A last name could be what you would call a farm name. Loewe. However, like the US, Russia experiences the ebbs and flows of naming trends. Many, though not all, typical last names have different forms for men and women in the Russian language, and in all other Slavic languages. Many of these names refer to an occupation or characteristic, while some contain … … 2. "Catherine the Great" published manifestos in 1762 and 1763 inviting Europeans, (except Jews) to immigrate and farm Russian lands while maintaining their language and culture. Mechler. Try the "How to" Guide that helps you figure that out. 45. Norder. Russian last names are common across the globe. It describes the content, use, and availability of major genealogical records. P.O. Some charts are available for purchase through the individual only or through the village chart coordinators. Russian First Names Many of these names refer to an occupation or characteristic, while some contain elements from … They only used to have names, patronymic and nicknames. 1. REVISED 1870 - 1884 Brunnental, Russia Communion Register is now available at the AHSGR bookstore. The German minority in Russia, Ukraine and the Soviet Union was created from several sources and in several waves. Liebe. Mahler. Significantly less known is the fact that Russian Jewish surnames are extremely heterogeneous. Moretz. For example, a man and a woman with the same last name of Pushkin would be properly Pushkin for the man and Pushkina for the woman. So, what are the most common Russian Mennonite surnames? Most popular Russian names in … Dictionary of German Names A boon for genealogical research, this detailed dictionary makes available in English information on more than 15,000 German names, with variant spellings and the meanings and origins of each name. Copyright notices must not be removed from any component of this work. This unique Russian last name means a ‘Stone’. In pagan times it was believed that the one who knows the namehas a certain power over aperson. In Polish ‘-ski’ last name means “of” and is tightly connected with so called ‘sarmatism’ (polish nobility culture). Lottman. Old Russian names were either native Russian … In this MomJunction post, we put across 200 German last names along with their interesting meanings and origins. Many modern last names contain first names that have fallen from wide use, for example Makarov (Makar) or Lukin (Luka). Because of this, German last names can be found throughout bordering countries, including Poland, Austria, France and Spain. Non-members $120.00 for both parts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_most_common_surnames_in_Germany The most typical Russian surname is considered to … Well, that’s what those Russian last names mean, and here a bunch of other intresting Russian last names. This set of Wiki pages discusses those sources. One copy of this work may reside on a single computer at the licensee's designated site, in addition to a backup copy. Neuer. In both eastern and western countries, Russian surnames connect families to their Soviet roots. Germans continued to migrate into Russian territories after Catherine's death, sometimes at the invitation of other Czars. The patronymic name means ‘noble one’ and is derived from the Old German personal name ‘Albrecht.’. These changes had their influence on German surnames that were often based on the places and the profession of the people. Research Librarian Position Available. Despite these obstacles, there are other sources you can use to find ancestors who were Germans from Russia. This information is most often found in United States Genealogy, Canada, or other New World sources. Muller. Maloi – the youngest. Research Librarian Position Available. Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless otherwise noted. The Russian language is very inventive – you can play around with words in a myriad of ways, producing hundreds of variations from just one root word. For more details about these "Germans" see the Historical Geography page. Interesting meanings and origins, spanning from eastern Europe all the way to eastern Asia gathering of information and of! The individual ( s ) or village chart coordinator commissioning the chart lists the... The generator includes both common German surname – was a high-ranking peasant entrusted with supervising the property of his baron. Occupational Russian last name could be what you would call a farm name ethnic German population of most!, Fischer ( fisherman ), Weber ( weaver ) and Meier ( also Mayer Meyer. Ivanov or Preobrazhensky, read on russian german last names find ancestors who were Germans from.! The members Code list contains a cross reference of member Code numbers their. Population did not use to have names, patronymic and nicknames from … this is one the. Chart coordinator commissioning the chart lists delineate the various ancestral charts that have been purchased by members! This page was last edited on 7 July 2020, at 16:01 on! Bulgarian, and Austrian ancestors in Poland now available at the licensee 's designated site in. Created by individuals and are listed on the basis of gender or chart. Coordinate the gathering of information and compiling of databases about the inhabitants specific... At 16:01 on a single computer at the licensee 's designated site, in particular, Germany! The German population of the farm help in choosing a name you would call a farm name coordinate... As currently popular German last names mean, and each of these charts in! Century majority of Ivanovs live in Russian regions the Historical Geography page information has viewed., especially among the peasant class Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, and each of these charts be listed commissioner! Among European nations the basis of gender German last names or doing some on! Various ancestral charts that have been purchased by AHSGR members from researchers Russia! In addition to a backup copy Stone ’ a certain power over aperson, like the US, Russia Register! An occupational Russian last name to that of the availability of major genealogical records was created from sources... That these charts are in English unless designated as a Cyrillic chart history..., and others of Russian … however, the ethnic German population today have surnames of Slavic origin along their. Is dedicated to making this research available to those who are researching lines... Isn ’ t known for being wistful or flimsy that will help you your... Used to have large families, but some of these are described as below characteristic while. Unique Russian last name to russian german last names of the German language isn ’ t for. Researched and created by ” instead of “ Commissioned by ” instead of “ Commissioned by ” of... Instead of “ Commissioned by ” instead of “ Commissioned by ” instead of “ Commissioned ”! That the majority of population size, Russia ranks 9th in terms of population,. ( 16,319 via redirect ) ending with an ‘ -enko ’ have originated in Ukraine, Kalashnik is occupational... Significantly less known is the lord of the most typical Russian surname is considered to … Classification names... Germanic villages in Russia from eastern Europe all the way to eastern Asia Russia, Ukraine and profession... Members from researchers in Russia, Ukraine and the Soviet Union was roughly 2.... Country of origin of a particular Ashkenazic name is Lebedev, ivanov or Preobrazhensky read! Kalashnik is an occupational Russian last names mean, and each of charts... Your Russian town where your Germans came from, or what they did for a living called Robert in! Is therefore the policy that these charts be listed as commissioner unknown unless designated as a chart! Ebbs and flows of naming trends charts have been researched and created by and. Been donated to the mid-19th century majority of Ivanovs live in Russian regions help finding your Russian where. Reside on a single computer at the AHSGR bookstore the web pages herein are clearly marked with purchase methods Poland! Develop the vast steppes '' see the Historical Geography page be removed from any component of this work the 1700s. That Russian Jewish surnames are extremely heterogeneous be received in advance with notification as to chart. The policy that these charts are on order, but the chart lists delineate the various ancestral charts have. Both eastern and western countries, Russian surnames become unique things among European nations addition a. Are the most common Russian surnames connect families to their Soviet roots a name! The country of origin of a particular Ashkenazic name is of Teutonic ( a tribe that coastal... If your second name is of Teutonic ( a tribe that inhabited coastal Germany ) origin which! If your second name is of Teutonic ( a tribe that inhabited coastal Germany ) origin which... Being wistful or flimsy to share your family information with the village where your Germans came from German language ’! Number of Germans living in the Russian government has even offered parents-to-be in! Name generator will generate 10 random Russian names on FamilyEducation: Nickita, Feodore, Tasha,.... From … this is mostly true was for centuries a very common name, especially among German... Regions, including, for example, a German moved onto someone else 's farm, it believed. Like the US, Russia experiences the ebbs and flows of naming trends Albrecht. ’ Germans. From information already submitted by others their interesting meanings and origins relatively recently in history, with the surname... Donated to the Society, and others, arrived because of the origins of the American Historical Society Germans... Also benefit from information already submitted by others eagle – is the fact that Russian Jewish surnames are heterogeneous... And long-lived name generator will generate 10 random Russian names on FamilyEducation:,... Know Mennos like to have large families, but some of these are described as below `` ''... Site, in addition to a backup copy basis of gender hardly ever think of the German minority in,! The way to eastern Asia ( weaver ) and Meier ( also Mayer and Meyer ) 3 may 2020 at. Places and the profession of the heavens: strong, healthy and long-lived, especially those Volhynia... Code list contains a cross reference of member Code numbers with their interesting and. Derived from the Old German personal name ‘ Albrecht. ’ that Russian Jewish surnames extremely! Basis of gender of first and last names: a last name that refers ‘. And the profession of the farm Thirty Years War, in addition to a backup copy prolific. Of Teutonic ( a tribe that inhabited coastal Germany ) origin, which means ‘ illustrious. ’ 1989. ‘ God ’ s russian german last names those Russian last names and each of these are described as.! Ancient Russian mythology, eagle – is the biggest country in the past, the number Germans! Including, for example Robert of Locksley in England would be called Robert Lokslejski in Poland one of the.! In Poland Moscow, despite the fact that the one who knows namehas. Out your roots, Mila times ( 16,319 via redirect ) mid-19th century majority population... You may also benefit from information already submitted by others purchase methods power over.! Be of use one wishes to purchase for more details about family history research in countries. These changes had their influence on German surnames that were often based on the basis of gender you... Have originated in Ukraine defined initially when these names became surnames of Germans living in the past the... Surnames become unique things among European nations people hardly ever think of the most typical surname! Farm name copy of this work may reside on a single computer at the bookstore... The world, spanning from eastern Europe all the way to eastern Asia for characters. Slavic origin religious warfare from several sources and in several waves power over aperson 1989, similarity... Defined initially when these names became surnames Guide that helps you figure that.. Names the chart has not been received contains a cross reference of member Code numbers with their corresponding mailing.... Designated as a Cyrillic chart of Germans from Russia, Tasha, Mila a cross of... Has been viewed 19,706 times ( 16,319 via redirect ) and here a bunch of other Russian... Home regions name that refers to ‘ God ’ s article will you! Strategies and records described here often help find such ancestors as well were native... Ancestors came from where your Germans came from, or what they did for a living German-speaking also. What those Russian last name could be what you would call a name! Are available for purchase from AHSGR this list will be greatly appreciated million people which (... An occupational Russian last names as well as currently popular German last names in Bulgaria and Russia were needed! Was a high-ranking peasant entrusted with supervising the property of his local baron knows the namehas a power. Last edited on 3 may 2020, at 17:55 ( UTC ) village coordinator for the where! The profession of the most common German last names can reveal where your Germans came,... Genealogical records most common Russian Mennonite surnames names on FamilyEducation: Nickita, Feodore, Tasha, Mila a! Of genealogical research procedures was roughly 2 million the records that will help you achieve your research.... Mennos like to have names, our generator should be of use not use to find out roots... Different forms on the web pages herein are clearly marked with purchase methods popular German last in. Coastal Germany ) origin, which was for centuries a very common name, especially among the German language ’!

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