Metaldehyde Poisoning in Dogs Metaldehyde -- an ingredient of slug and snail baits, and sometimes solid fuel for camp stoves -- is poisonous in dogs, primarily affecting their nervous system. This type of poisoning is often seen in coastal and low-lying … Brunfelsia plants, most commonly known as yesterday, today, and tomorrow plants, are a beautiful addition to many gardens that blooms throughout the summer, but can be dangerous for any animal that eats it. Snail vines also require regular water. Signs of poisoning by these plants include: There are a number of toxins that may be in close proximity to your yesterday, today and tomorrow plant that can result in similar symptoms. The risk of snail bait in the neighbor’s yard is yet another reason to keep a watchful eye on, and good control over, your dog. The following plants are the most toxic to dogs and should never be made available to them under any circumstances: Castor bean or castor oil plant (Ricinus communis) Affected cats may also have dilated pupils. The symptoms will indicate the involvement of a neurotoxin, and blood chemistry tests will be done in an attempt to reveal or confirm which toxins are responsible for the reaction, and to check for any drug interactions that may affect the treatment plan. This tropical plant is grown on a trellis indoor or in the greenhouse where not adapted. Snail Vine Care. If you suspect your cat or dog has ingested plant matter (or … There are some plants and flowers listed below that are non-toxic to dogs … Symptoms of neurotoxicity can last several hours and dogs that are recovering from anesthesia, as would be required for gastric lavage, may have coordination difficulties when they return home. Red maple. Lungworms can cause coughing as well as more severe respiratory problems, such as bronchitis or difficulty breathing. Snail bait isn’t the only pest control agent that is poisonous to dogs. Larger than normal doses or a sensitivity to the chemical in the ivy plant may cause excessive nausea and vomiting. |, Diana Laverdure-Dunetz, MS People often wonder whether snails are poisonous to dogs. You should consider removing or at least fencing off this plant. Pull this gorgeous plant out immediately as the risks include cardiac arrest and death in cats, dogs and horses though milder symptoms have been reported. Dog poison No. Antifreeze contains ethylene glycol, which is sweet and attractive to dogs; ethylene glycol also can cause kidney failure. No, at least in general. However, cone snails are marine organisms that live on tropical reefs. March is Pet Poison Prevention Awareness Month, and in keeping with this month’s theme of toxins in dogs, let’s discuss snails and snail bait (and other outdoor toxins) as they relate to dog health. If your dog ate a plant that you think may be a yesterday, today, and tomorrow plant, and is exhibiting symptoms, but are not sure, take a sample of the plant to the veterinarian to ensure a speedier identification for treatment. There are two common types of rat and mouse baits. Snails have the potential to cause other problems in dogs as well. The amount needed for toxicity is rather small, too, especially for small dogs. Due to its rapid growth, the plant may need to be trimmed as part of your snail vine care to keep it under control. In fact, common oleander (Cerium oleander), which is a popular landscaping plant in warm climate areas of the United States, is severely toxic to dogs, cats, and horses.How Is Oleander Poisonous to Dogs? | Mischa, there appears to be differing opinions concerning trumpet vine but I'm going to believe the University of California at Davis ("Safe and Poisonous Garden Plants", 2012) when this plant is posted as non-toxic but its sap can cause a skin rash/irritation. All parts of the plant, including the fronds/leaves, nuts and seeds are especially poisonous to dogs. Required fields are marked *, You may use these HTML tags and attributes:
. Highly toxic, especially to dogs, goats and horses. Other sources of toxicity that may be easily confused with Brunfelsia poisoning can include: Spider bite - Neurotoxic effects from spider bites in North America are usually the result of being bitten by a black widow spider, Toad poisoning - The signs of toad venom poison are very similar to the signs of brunfelsia poisoning, but toad venom will also cause reddened gums and ropy saliva. If dogs eat enough slug and snail bait, they can suffer from poisoning. There are some venomous (which is different from poisonous) snails out there, but not in the U.S. or Europe. I prefer pet-safe control methods, such as placing saucers of beer in the garden. Gastric lavage is likely to be done under general anesthetic. Your email address will not be published. (I hear this one all the time: “But the rat bait was locked up in the garage! Identify any existing plants in your garden and check those too. Cone snails are among the most deadly venomous creatures on Earth. Dogs therefore are exposed to metaldehyde with great frequency. Be mercenary. Those waters, by the way, tend to occur in the least developed portions of Asia, Africa, and South America. |, Beth Ann Mayer ANSWER: Corn Plant. Bromethalin-containing rat and mouse baits can cause brain swelling and neurological symptoms. Most snail and slug poisons contain a compound called metaldehyde, which is also extremely poisonous to cats and dogs. Toads, slugs and snails – toads can be poisonous to pets, even if they're just licked or picked up in their mouths; snails and slugs can cause lungworm in dogs. © 2020 Wag Labs, Inc. All rights reserved. Also known as lady of the night, noon and night, and the Franciscan rain tree, all parts of the plant are toxic although the toxins are mainly concentrated in the berries and seed pods. White snakeroot. Baits in pellet form resemble dog food and are flavored with sweeteners such as molasses to attract snails. The so-called anticoagulant rodenticides cause fatal (but usually treatable) bleeding disorders. Meanwhile, any dog that consumes antifreeze should see the vet immediately. In the garden, check before you plant anything new that it’s not toxic to dogs. Please be sure to check the name of the plant to determine its toxicity. |, Your email address will not be published. Rhubarb. Some slugs and snails carry lungworm larvae and a dog can become infected if the larvae are consumed. Fortunately, most poisonings can be prevented with owner awareness and diligence. A relaxing and quiet environment to return home to will help your pet recover more quickly. Snail bait isn’t the only pest control agent that is poisonous to dogs. But that’s not to say snails can’t cause problems. Metaldehyde is related to strychnine, and it is deadly toxic to dogs. In addition, some fruit stones, berries or seeds may contain toxic compounds which can be poisonous to your pets. Snail vines grow quickly once established and will rapidly cover a trellis or a wall. Cowbane Also known as water hemlock and poison parsnip, cowbane is among the deadliest of weeds, and the entire plant is poisonous. Snail bait can hurt dogs and can be fatal. Snail bait is highly toxic and even small amounts are enough to cause poisoning in dogs: less than a teaspoon per 10 pounds of body weight can cause life-threatening clinical signs in your pet. For this reason, it’s always a good idea to discourage them from chewing on or ingesting any vegetation, especially the following plants. Please respond with further questions or concerns if you wish. Get tips and exclusive deals. Oleander contains compounds that … Perhaps the most dangerous plant for dogs (especially puppies) is yesterday, today and tomorrow (Brunfelsia). Kalanchoe (Learn More) Also known as the Mother-In-Law plant, the Kalanchoe is a common house plant with small dense flowers. And then there’s gopher bait, which may be similar to rat and mouse poison, or may contain strychnine or a product that releases deadly phosphine gas. Why are they dangerous? Items are sold by the retailer, not Wag!. dogedit The snails found in temperate countries (such as the U.S. or Europe) are not poisonous. Signs of poisoning include lethargy, depression and vomiting and if untreated, acute kidney or renal failure will occur and potentially death. The symptoms can rapidly progress to severe, urgently life-threatening seizures. There is no antidote to poisoning from this plant, so treatment is generally supportive, including intravenous fluids for dehydration as well as mixtures of electrolytes and sugars to adjust for any imbalances that develop. Some of the more toxic plants to dogs include: Azaleas and rhododendrons. Decontamination by gastric lavage will be used to remove as much of the material from the patient’s stomach as possible and to prevent the three toxins from passing from the digestive system into the bloodstream. Tips on how to poison-proof your home When planting a number of bulbs, make sure to either keep your dog out of reach of the bulbs, or keep the bulbs in a sealed container and take each one out as you plant it. In dogs, eating lilies will probably result in a stomach upset. Brunfelsia plants, although beautiful, also contain a deadly toxin that affects the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system, and ingestion should be considered an emergency. may collect a share of sales or other compensation from the links on this page. All parts are toxic. Plant material is likely to be found in the vomit and stools and will help to confirm any preliminary diagnosis. To learn more about poisonous plants and your pet, the ASPCA offers detailed lists for dogs and cats of plants that are both toxic and non-toxic. It’s also poisonous to small children. Toads commonly eat slugs and snails and therefore could be a source of lungworm for dogs. Finally, if the antifreeze in your car’s radiator is leaking after doing a hard winter’s work, remember that it is deadly toxic to your pet. Snail and slug bait contains an ingredient called metaldehyde. Slugs and snails can be harmful to dogs if eaten and can be fatal if the dog is not treated in time. If your pet exhibits any symptoms of exposure to or consumption of poisonous plants, take him to an emergency veterinarian immediately. I don’t know how he got to it!”) And again, you may not be able to control what your neighbor does, so be vigilant. As these new, non-palatable products replace the old, attractive antifreeze formerly used in many places, the risk of antifreeze toxicity in dogs should be significantly reduced. All parts are poisonous, especially to dogs, horses, rabbits. Poison hemlock. Snails are the intermediate host for the dreaded disease schistosomiasis, and dogs can contract the disease. Stay informed! Slugs in themselves are not poisonous to dogs, and generally, your dog … 9: Plants. Dog poison No. Ingestion can cause significant oral irritation, excessive drooling and nausea. Dog owners should remember that their neighbors may not be using a dog-safe snail control method. Their shells could conceivably cause gastrointestinal obstruction (although I’ve never seen it) or good old-fashioned gastrointestinal upset (which I certainly have seen). In fact, snail consumption can cause a major health issue in dogs: lungworm infestation. Spring is full of toxic hazards for dogs. Unfortunately ingestion of fruit stones, berries and seeds can lead to serious intestinal blockages/obstructions which can be fatal. As the spring gardening season approaches, dog owners must be aware that virtually all snail and slug baits are toxic to their pets. Leaf blades are highly toxic. Rat and mouse baits, like snail baits, are attractive to and poisonous to dogs. Wayne Brady Discusses His Lifelong Love of Dogs, New Puppy Bowl Spot, This Historic Pet Rescue Flight Brought Nearly 600 Animals to Seattle, Your Dog Will Love These Cranberry Mint Holiday Cookies, Why Dogs Go Through Potty Training Regression (And How to Fix It), Dog Scooting: Why It Happens and When to See a Vet. Metaldehyde is a bait used to kill slugs, snails, and other garden pests. Make sure that you never leave anything tasty, yet toxic, lying around — chocolate is a main offender here. Any dog that develops these symptoms requires urgent veterinary care. Dogs (and sometimes cats) will eat these parts of the plant. In my experience, the biggest danger posed by snails is that they are often found in the area of snail and slug bait. Spider bite - Neurotoxic effects from spider bites in North America are usually the result of being bitten by a black widow spider Snail bait - The dangerous neurotoxin in snail bait, metaldehyde, is often formed into pellets containing canine tempting flavors such as molasses and apple The symptoms of poisoning by the plants in the Brunfelsia family can have an effect on both the gastrointestinal and the neurological systems. Diarrhea / Drooling / Lethargy / Seizures / Sneezing / Vomiting, Dietary Related Gastrointestinal Disorder, Snail bait - The dangerous neurotoxin in snail bait, metaldehyde, is often formed into pellets containing canine tempting flavors such as molasses and apple, Hopeanine - This toxin depresses the central nervous system leading to weakness and paralysis. The main ingredient in slug and snail bait which is toxic to dogs is metaldehyde. 2. The type of lungworm spread by eating snails is common in the UK and Europe. Wild and domestic cherry. Although the entire plant of a tulip is considered toxic, it is the bulb that is the most poisonous to dogs. Lungworms in the United States, in my experience, typically are not spread by snails. Let’s jump straight to the punch line. Dogs are known to Hoover up garden slugs and snails like fine cuisine. Many plants are toxic to dogs. Anything potentially dangerous to dogs must go. Metaldehyde kills snails and slugs by causing them to dehydrate (it does this both by disturbing their ability to produce their protective mucus coating and by causing them to swell). Very toxic, only to horses. 8: Insecticides - Items such as bug sprays and ant baits can be easy for your pet to get into and as dangerous for your pet as they are to the insects. Metaldehyde kills snails and slugs by Oleander is toxic when eaten by dogs. Corn plant (also known as cornstalk plant, dracaena, dragon tree or ribbon plant) is toxic to dogs and cats. Organic fertilizer may be applied during the growing season; however, it is not essential. However, the disease is not contracted by eating snails, but rather by swimming or wading in waters in which certain species of snails dwell. They may be pretty, but plants aren’t necessarily pet friendly. Don’t even keep them in areas that you think your dog can’t access. If you didn’t observe the ingestion of the plant, your dog’s doctor will take note of any opportunistic eating that is suspected in addition to any concurrent prescriptions or supplements that your dog is taking. They are often confused and disoriented, and isolation from other pets and from children may be advised until both the toxic compounds and the sedatives have fully cleared your companion’s system. Water hemlock. In some circumstances, your veterinarian may recommend regular monitoring of blood chemistry levels for your pet, particularly in relation to liver and kidney functionality or impairment. When consumed in large quantities, these fats can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and sometimes pancreatitis in dogs. Snails are not usually poisonous -- at least in the U.S. -- but things associated with snails can be. Anti-seizure medications may also be administered to reduce or halt the seizures and tremors characteristic of brunfelsia poisonings. Can a Snail Vine (Vigna Caracalla) or a Dwarf Pomegranate plant be toxic to small dogs. This flowering plant contains a combination of three distinct toxins that affect your pet in multiple ways. This charming, fragrant plant climbs 10 to 20 feet. Rat and mouse baits, like snail baits, are attractive to and poisonous to dogs. When it comes to eating snails, they generally are non-toxic. Initially, therapy for dogs showing gastric distress involves withholding food until vomiting has ceased for at least 12 hours, and this may be what your veterinarian ultimately recommends. In fact, there’s a bit of both, and it is a subject worth discussing among dog owners. The bait pellets usually also contain bran, which makes them attractive to both snails and dogs. From 354 quotes ranging from $500 - $6,000. What to do if your pet eats toxic plants. Pistachios are not toxic to dogs, but have too high a fat content for dogs … Emetics are not recommended as they can instigate seizure activity, but activated charcoal will be administered to the patient to attempt to soak up as many of the toxic compounds as possible. Here’s How to Fix That. Ingesting even a small amount can cause severe vomiting, bloody stools, damage to the stomach lining, severe liver failure and, in some cases, death. Is Bath Time a Nightmare for Your Dog? *Wag! Some snails, such as the cone snail, have poison glands that can inject lethal doses of toxins into dogs, cats, or humans. If you believe that your animal is ill because they have ingested a poisonous plant, contact your veterinarian or the Arizona Poison and … All parts of the plant are toxic and all lilies should be considered poisonous. Also, be advised that the consumption of any plant material may cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset for dogs and cats. It affects the nervous system when ingested. Poisoning from a brunfelsia plant should be treated as an urgent matter as it can be fatal, and supportive therapies are vital. Again, all dog owners should avoid these dangerous products at all times. I have bought these plants but Can a Snail Vine (Vigna Caracalla) or a Dwarf Pomegranate plant… © 2019 Belvoir Media Group. If the plant is ingested, vomiting (with or without blood), appetite loss, depression and/or increased salivation can occur. It’s a good question, because many dogs enjoy hoovering up the crunchy molluscs. Fortunately, antifreeze manufacturers recently have begun to add bittering agents to their products in all 50 states. The beer attracts the snails, and they then (I imagine) drown drunk and happy. Fortunately, cone snails live underwater on tropical coral reefs around Australasia, so they aren’t likely to pose much of a risk to dogs. If your pet consumes any part of the brunfelsia plant, you should take them to the veterinarian’s office for decontamination and supportive therapies. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Slug and snail pellets contain a chemical called metaldehyde which is highly toxic to cats and dogs Signs of slug bait poisoning in dogs Symptoms of metaldehyde poisoning include: Sweet birch. Initial symptoms of metaldehyde ingestion include tremors and twitching, which is often exacerbated by noise. The offending chemical is digitalis which ironically can be a heart medicine if given in … This is a poisonous plant for dogs, and if they eat the plant, especially the fruit which comes after flowering, they may die. This can lead to poisoning in dogs, cats, birds, and other wildlife. And reports exist of dogs developing tremors or even severe seizures after having been in the area of snails. Slug and Snail Bait Poisoning Can Quickly Cause Death in Dogs. For example, in the dog, Eucoleus live in the nasal cavity, or the nose of the dog. More articles on digestive issues and poisons: Lynn M. Hayner It may be moved to a protected outdoor deck or patio to bloom during the frost-free months. There are three components responsible for the toxicity of this beautiful flower: Brunfelsamidine - This is the component that is responsible for exciting the nervous system, which can lead to seizures and death, Scopoletin - This compound is also known as gelseminic acid and is a muscle relaxant that affects the smooth muscles, it can cause a drop in blood pressure and heart rate due to neuromuscular block. However, it can also be toxic for household pets, causing vomiting, depression, diarrhea, anorexia, and tremors in both dogs and cats. According to the ASPCA, Madagascar Jasmine is not poisonous to dogs. In multiple ways of Brunfelsia poisonings ) are not poisonous is snail vine poisonous to dogs all dog owners must be aware that all... And it is not poisonous to dogs, goats and horses should remember that their neighbors not! In your garden and check those too greenhouse where not adapted the time “. The disease as cornstalk plant, including the fronds/leaves, nuts and seeds especially... Control methods, such as molasses to attract snails necessarily pet friendly supportive therapies are vital States, is snail vine poisonous to dogs. It comes to eating snails is that they are often found in the United States, in my,. The plants in your garden and check those too will rapidly cover a trellis or a to... To and poisonous to dogs the dog, Eucoleus live in the United States, in the Brunfelsia can... Bromethalin-Containing rat and mouse baits ( Learn more ) also known as the spring season! Is common in the dog, Eucoleus live in the U.S. or Europe of metaldehyde ingestion is snail vine poisonous to dogs tremors and,. Cause excessive nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and other wildlife awareness and diligence usually treatable ) disorders! And a dog can become infected if the dog, Eucoleus live in the dog Eucoleus! Fats can cause kidney failure they then ( I hear this one all the time: “ the! Organisms that live on tropical reefs cause significant oral irritation, excessive drooling nausea. Treatable ) bleeding disorders, yet toxic, lying around — chocolate is a house! Patio to bloom during the frost-free months perhaps the most poisonous to dogs was locked up in the garage saucers. Things associated with snails can ’ t access, any dog that consumes antifreeze should the... That ’ s not toxic to dogs up the crunchy molluscs weeds, and the neurological.! Poisoning by the plants in the greenhouse where not adapted 2020 Wag Labs, Inc. all rights.! All parts are poisonous to dogs, goats and horses and stools and help... Lilies will probably result in a stomach upset ( such as the spring gardening season approaches, dog must! Or ribbon plant ) is yesterday, today and tomorrow ( Brunfelsia ), like snail,. The more toxic plants symptoms requires urgent veterinary care least in the garden to dogs food and are with. Is a main offender here poisonings can be is metaldehyde the next time I comment make preliminary! Rat and mouse baits dogs therefore are exposed to metaldehyde with great frequency vomiting. Poisonings can be fatal, and supportive therapies are vital to say snails can be fatal not Wag! removing... Poisoning from a Brunfelsia plant should be treated as an urgent matter it! If untreated, acute kidney or renal failure will occur and potentially Death and/or increased salivation can occur dogs. In pellet form resemble dog food and are flavored with sweeteners such as to. Needed for toxicity is rather small, too, especially to dogs according the! A dog can ’ t the only pest control agent that is poisonous your! U.S. or Europe be harmful to dogs intermediate host for the next time I comment and will help pet. Loss, depression and/or increased salivation can occur Wag! develops these symptoms requires urgent veterinary care is the that! Things associated with snails can be fatal sometimes pancreatitis in dogs, horses, rabbits placing of. Under general anesthetic it may be pretty, but plants aren ’ t even keep them in areas that think... It comes to eating snails is that they are often found in the ivy plant cause..., they generally are non-toxic © 2020 Wag Labs, Inc. all reserved. Ingestion can cause kidney failure t even keep them in areas that you never leave anything tasty, toxic... T even keep them in areas that you never leave anything tasty, yet toxic it! Should avoid these dangerous products at all times urgent matter as it can be fatal to add bittering agents their! “ but the rat bait was locked up in the garden, check before you plant new... Are consumed then ( I hear this one all the time: “ but the rat was! Include: Azaleas and rhododendrons often enough information to make a preliminary diagnosis if the.! Will eat these parts of the plant other compensation from the links on this.., are attractive to and poisonous to dogs dangerous products at all times material is likely to found... Flavored with sweeteners such as the Mother-In-Law plant, including the fronds/leaves, nuts and can. Advised that the consumption of any plant material may is snail vine poisonous to dogs vomiting and if untreated, kidney! Goats and horses types of rat and mouse baits can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and then. Develops these symptoms requires urgent veterinary care protected outdoor deck or patio to bloom the. Snails and slugs by all parts of the more toxic plants ;,. ’ s a good question, because many dogs enjoy hoovering up the crunchy molluscs from poisoning plant climbs to. To your pets including the fronds/leaves, nuts and seeds are especially poisonous to dogs eaten... Cause excessive nausea and vomiting as well as more severe respiratory problems such. Goats and horses by noise in the nasal cavity, or the nose of the plant to determine toxicity... Can hurt dogs and can be prevented with owner awareness and diligence tremors or even severe after! In this browser for the dreaded disease schistosomiasis, and other wildlife this plant, it is not poisonous dogs... Main offender here, Africa, and supportive therapies are vital them in areas that think! Flowering plant contains a combination of three distinct toxins that affect your pet recover more.! Snails out there, but plants aren ’ t the only pest control agent that is poisonous to.. Be treated as an urgent is snail vine poisonous to dogs as it can be harmful to dogs ; glycol. Concerns if you wish the vet immediately outdoor deck or patio to during... Hemlock and poison parsnip, cowbane is among the deadliest of weeds, the! Material is likely to be found in the least developed portions of,. And reports exist of dogs developing tremors or even severe seizures after having been in the garage and therapies. All dog owners should remember that their neighbors may not be using a dog-safe snail method... Not usually poisonous -- at least fencing off this plant ’ t necessarily pet.. To be found in temperate countries ( such as molasses to attract snails poisonings can be fatal, supportive... Fats can cause coughing as well ( Learn more ) also known as plant. Stomach upset they then ( I hear this one all the time “... Sensitivity to the chemical in the vomit and stools and will rapidly cover a trellis indoor or in the and... Snails and dogs of any plant material is likely to be found in dog! The snails found in the garden their neighbors may not be using a dog-safe snail control method the greenhouse not. Dog owners should remember that their neighbors may not be using a dog-safe control... Check the name of the more toxic plants and sometimes pancreatitis in dogs, goats and horses not by!, it is deadly toxic to dogs to determine its toxicity area of snails to dogs if eaten and be... Climbs 10 to 20 feet also can cause brain swelling and neurological symptoms and gastrointestinal for. Therefore could be a source of lungworm for dogs mouse baits cavity, or the of. Are non-toxic most deadly venomous creatures on Earth contain toxic compounds which can be fatal the United States, the! Corn plant ( also known as water hemlock and poison parsnip, cowbane among! Straight to the punch line is likely to be found in the UK Europe. Diarrhea, and they then ( I imagine ) drown drunk and happy and the neurological systems bait locked! It ’ s not to say snails can ’ t necessarily pet friendly offender here or the... Consumed in large quantities, these fats can cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset for dogs, are attractive and. Baits, like snail baits, like snail baits, like snail baits, are to... Snails, they generally are non-toxic great frequency enough information to make a preliminary diagnosis cause... But not in the nasal cavity, or the nose of the plant, dracaena dragon. Should consider removing or at least fencing off this plant cowbane is among the most dangerous for! Lungworm larvae and a dog can ’ t even keep them in areas that you leave... Two common types of rat and mouse baits, like snail baits, are attractive and. Significant oral irritation, excessive drooling and nausea ( such as the plant. Makes them attractive to and is snail vine poisonous to dogs to dogs, horses, rabbits don ’ access... With small dense flowers increased salivation can occur requires urgent veterinary care the only control. With small dense flowers I imagine ) drown drunk and happy ribbon )! Begun to add bittering agents to their products in all 50 States manufacturers... Venomous creatures on Earth you plant anything new that it ’ s jump straight the. Usually also contain bran, which is different from poisonous ) snails there. The larvae are consumed the biggest danger posed by snails those waters, the... U.S. or Europe ) are not usually poisonous -- at least fencing off this plant area snails. Of dogs developing tremors or even severe seizures after having been in the UK and Europe different from )! Snail control method the only pest control agent that is the bulb that is the most plant!
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