An infantryman's equipment is of vital concern both for the man and the military. In English, use of the term infantry began about the 1570s, describing soldiers who march and fight on foot. The motto, "Regulars, By God!" Thus most cavalry transitioned to mounted infantry. They can operate in a wide range of terrain inaccessible to military vehicles, and can operate with a lower logistical burden. Attacks are often feared by the infantry conducting them because of the high number of casualties suffered while advancing to close with and destroy the enemy while under enemy fire. The 103rd Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the United States Army that served in combat in the American Civil War, World War I, and World War II. This can be avoided by having shield-armed soldiers stand close together, side-by-side, each protecting both themselves and their immediate comrades, presenting a solid shield wall to the enemy. In October 1983, the 1st Battalion, 508th Infantry Regiment, also deployed to Grenada in Operation Urgent Fury. In medieval times the foot soldiers varied from peasant levies to semi-permanent companies of mercenaries, foremost among them the Swiss, English, Aragonese and German, to men-at-arms who went into battle as well-armoured as knights, the latter of which at times also fought on foot. By the time of the musket, the dominance of firepower shifted militaries away from any close combat, and use of armour decreased, until infantry typically went without any armour. Patrols are used not only on the front-lines, but in rear areas where enemy infiltration or insurgencies are possible. A subcategory of attacks is the ambush, where infantrymen lie in wait for enemy forces before attacking at a vulnerable moment. The definition of an infantry is a unit of soldiers who move and fight on foot. They may also deploy anti-personnel mines, booby traps, incendiary or explosive devices defensively before combat. The 13th Infantry Regiment ("First at Vicksburg") is a United States Army infantry regiment whose battalions are currently tasked as basic training battalions. [21][22], Infantrymen often carry secondary or back-up weapons, sometimes called a sidearm or ancillary weapons in modern terminology, either issued officially as an addition to the soldier's standard arms, or acquired unofficially by any other means as an individual preference. As firearms improved, armour for ranged defence had to be thicker and stronger. Coats of arms of U.S. infantry regiments are heraldic emblems associated with infantry regiments in the US Army. Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment ⁕A battalion-equivalent, e.g. In all, this can reach 25–45 kg (60–100 lb) for each soldier on the march. These units can quickly disembark and transition to light infantry, without vehicles, to access terrain which armoured vehicles can't effectively access. The training of the infantry has differed drastically over time and from place to place. These APCs can deliver infantrymen through the front lines to the battle and—in the case of infantry fighting vehicles—contribute supporting firepower to engage the enemy. Light infantry, such as Greek peltasts, Balearic slingers, and Roman velites, using open formations and greater manoeuvrability, took on most other combat roles: scouting, screening the army on the march, skirmishing to delay, disrupt, or weaken the enemy to prepare for the main forces' battlefield attack, protecting them from flanking manoeuvers, and then afterwards either pursuing the fleeing enemy or covering their army's retreat. Maneouvering consumes much of an infantry unit's time. However, the unit must be ready for deployment at any point. The regiment existed as an operational unit during the Cold War era as part of the 51st Infantry Division. For other uses of "foot soldier", see, Marius' reforms of the Roman army included making each man responsible for carrying his own supplies, weapons and several days' worth of ration. Infantrymen live, fight and die outdoors in all types of brutal climates, often with no physical shelter. Infantry definition: Infantry are soldiers who fight on foot rather than in tanks or on horses. [14], Dense formations are vulnerable to ranged weapons. The 6th Infantry Regiment was formed 11 January 1812. Naval infantry, commonly known as marines, are primarily a category of infantry that form part of the naval forces of states and perform roles on land and at sea, including amphibious operations, as well as other, naval roles. With the development of gunpowder, infantry began converting to primarily firearms. The infantry is undergoing the last throes of the destruction of its regimental system, having found itself squeezed into 34 conventional regular infantry battalions plus three regular battalions of the Parachute Regiment. This can be undertaken either in reserve or on the front, but consists of using infantry troops as labor for construction of field positions, roads, bridges, airfields, and all other manner of structures. The 21 st Infantry Regiment was originally constituted in May 1861, as the 2nd Battalion, 12th Infantry Regiment and organized in May 1862 at Fort Hamilton, N.Y. Combat loads of over 36 kg (80 lbs) are standard, and greater loads in excess of 45 kg (100 lbs) are very common. In antiquity, infantry were armed with an early melee weapon such as a spear, axe or sword, or an early ranged weapon like a javelin, sling, or bow, with a few infantrymen having both a melee and a ranged weapon. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Pursuit is a role that the infantry often assumes. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, service and/or a specialisation. Infantrymen are defined by their primary arms – the personal weapons and body armour for their own individual use. The first military forces in history were infantry. The meaning of Inf abbreviation is "Infantry" Conversely, starting about the mid-19th century, regular cavalry have been forced to spend more of their time dismounted in combat due to the ever-increasing effectiveness of enemy infantry firearms. Under Army Regulation 840-10, each regiment and separate table of organization and equipment (TOE) battalion of the U.S. Army is authorized a coat of arms to be displayed on the organization's flag, called the "colors. Attack operations are the most basic role of the infantry, and along with defence, form the main stances of the infantry on the battlefield. regiment definition: 1. a large group of soldiers, or (more generally) any large number of things or people: 2. a large…. The 369th Infantry Regiment, formerly the 15th New York National Guard Regiment, was an infantry regiment of the United States Army that saw action in World War I and World War II. Modern classifications of infantry have expanded to reflect modern equipment and tactics, such as motorised infantry, mechanised or armoured infantry, mountain infantry, marine infantry, and airborne infantry. Modern developments in bullet-proof composite materials like kevlar have started a return to body armour for infantry, though the extra weight is a notable burden. Most modern infantry have vehicle transport, to the point where infantry being motorised is generally assumed, and the few exceptions might be identified as modern light infantry, or "leg infantry" colloquially. Similar hierarchical organizations have been noted in other ancient armies, typically with approximately 10 to 100 to 1,000 ratios (even where base 10 was not common), similar to modern sections (squads), companies, and regiments.[25]. Infantry units are tasked to protect certain areas like command posts or airbases. The increased use of firearms and the need for drill to handle them efficiently. Children in schools are no longer regimented as they used to be. The cost of maintaining an army in fighting order and the seasonal nature of warfare precluded large permanent armies. This gives the ambushing infantrymen the combat advantage of surprise, concealment and superior firing positions, and causes confusion. [5] The individual-soldier term infantryman was not coined until 1837. An example of an infantry is a group of Marine ground forces. While this may allow for a fierce running attack (an initial shock advantage) the tighter formation of the heavy spear and shield infantry gave them a local manpower advantage where several might be able to fight each opponent. Traditionally, infantry have relied on their own legs for mobility, but mechanised or armoured infantry often uses trucks and armoured vehicles for transport. [citation needed], The physical, mental, and environmental operating demands of the infantryman are high. Instead, the Americans … All of the combat necessities such as ammunition, weapon systems, food, water, clothing, and shelter are carried on the backs of the infantrymen, at least in light role as opposed to mounted/mechanised. 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment ⁕A number of battalions e.g. [6] In modern usage, foot soldiers of any era are now considered infantry and infantrymen.[7]. a branch of an army composed of such soldiers. Maintaining the advantages of heavy infantry meant maintaining formation; this became even more important when two forces with heavy infantry met in battle; the solidity of the formation became the deciding factor. organisering, disciplinering, [hård] kontroll, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, US Army Iron Rangers Conduct Spur Ride in Bulgaria, Dodik receives EUFOR Commander in BiH, Major General Dorfer, COAS Bajwa lauds Frontier Force's contributions, sacrifices, Maj Gen Salahuddin new BEPZA executive chairman, The 22nd Michigan Infantry and the Road to Chickamauga, US returns looted Balangiga church bells to Philippines after 117 years, Infantry Manportable Anti-armor Weapon System, Infantry Manportable Assault Weapon System, Infantry Small Arms Weapon Effects Simulator. However, if light cavalry was lacking in an army, any available dragoons might be assigned their duties; this practise increased over time, and dragoons eventually received all the weapons and training as both infantry and cavalry, and could be classified as both. 2nd … tries. Infantry equipped with special weapons were often named after that weapon, such as grenadiers for their grenades, or fusiliers for their fusils. Therefore, they need the protection of the infantry, particularly when on the move. Several of these Egyptian "divisions" made up an army, but operated independently, both on the march and tactically, demonstrating sufficient military command and control organisation for basic battlefield manoeuvres. soldiers or military units that fight on foot, in modern times typically with rifles, machine guns, grenades, mortars, etc., as weapons. Infantry armour had to compromise between protection and coverage, as a full suit of attack-proof armour would be too heavy to wear in combat. The 4th Infantry Regiment was officially first constituted on 11 January 1812 in the Regular Army as the 14th Infantry. Patrolling is the most common infantry mission. They also perform other tasks, including land warfare, separate from naval operations. Larger shields can cover more, but are also heavier and less manoeuvrable, making unexpected attacks even more of a problem. The word derives from Middle French infanterie, from older Italian (also Spanish) infanteria (foot soldiers too inexperienced for cavalry), from Latin īnfāns (without speech, newborn, foolish), from which English also gets infant. Poor climate conditions adds misery to this already demanding existence. [16] Infantry typically have shared equipment on top of this, like tents or heavy weapons, where the carrying burden is spread across several infantrymen. This is one of the most important roles for the modern infantry, particularly when operating alongside armoured vehicles. Thus tight formations heightened advantages of heavy arms, and gave greater local numbers in melee. The most basic is personal armour. It is one of the most complicated type of operations an infantry unit will undertake. The regiment has served abroad in World War I, World War II and Afghanistan. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from 109th Infantry Regiment) The 109th Infantry Regiment (" Thirteenth Pennsylvania ") is a parent infantry regiment of the United States Army, represented in the Pennsylvania Army National Guard by the 1st Battalion, 109th Infantry, part of the 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 28th Infantry Division. A unit, such as a regiment, of such soldiers: Company B of the 7th Infantry. [19] Additional specialised equipment may be required, depending on the mission or to the particular terrain or environment, including satchel charges, demolition tools, mines, barbed wire, carried by the infantry or attached specialists. Similarly, motorised infantry have trucks and other unarmed vehicles for non-combat movement, but are still infantry since they leave their vehicles for any combat. The 369th Infantry is known for being the first African-American regiment to serve with the American Expeditionary Force during World War I. It is a highly dangerous and demanding combat service; in World War II, military doctors concluded that even physically unwounded soldiers were psychologically worn out after about 200 days of combat. This started slowly, first with crossbowmen, then hand cannoneers and arquebusiers, each with increasing effectiveness, marking the beginning of early modern warfare, when firearms rendered the use of heavy infantry obsolete. Regiment definition, a unit of ground forces, consisting of two or more battalions or battle groups, a headquarters unit, and certain supporting units. Health, energy, and morale are greatly influenced by how the soldier is fed, so militaries often standardised field rations, starting from hardtack, to US K-rations, to modern MREs. The new, young soldiers of this new unit were dispatched to Harper’s Ferry before facing combat for the first time in … They may engage high-profile targets, or be employed to hunt down terrorist cells and insurgents within a given area. [17] Such heavy infantry burdens have changed little over centuries of warfare; in the late Roman Republic, legionaries were nicknamed Marius' mules as their main activity seemed to be carrying the weight of their legion around on their backs. Regiment definition is - a military unit consisting usually of a number of battalions. Infantry make up a large portion of all armed forces in most nations, and typically bear the largest brunt in warfare, as measured by casualties, deprivation, or physical and psychological stress. Air force infantry and base defense forces, such as the Royal Air Force Regiment, Royal Australian Air Force Airfield Defence Guards, and Indonesian Air Force Paskhas Corps are used primarily for ground-based defense of air bases and other air force facilities. Some well-equipped mechanised infantry can be designated as armoured infantry. To also increase their staying power, multiple rows of heavy infantrymen were added. This includes shields, helmets and many types of armour – padded linen, leather, lamellar, mail, plate, and kevlar. Some modern mechanised infantry units are termed cavalry or armoured cavalry, even though they never had horses, to emphasise their combat mobility. It was an Army National Guard regiment from the states making up New England, but most of its soldiers came from Maine. Zachary Taylor, later the twelfth President of the United States, was a commander of the unit. See more. With the introduction of the heavy arquebus designed to pierce standard steel armour, it was proven easier to make heavier firearms than heavier armour; armour transitioned to be only for close combat purposes. All of these protective measures add to the weight an infantryman must carry, and may decrease combat efficiency. This is usually the best time for infantry units to integrate replacements into units and to maintain equipment. In modern times, infantrymen must also often carry protective measures against chemical and biological attack, including military gas masks, counter-agents, and protective suits. Combat support units (a majority of the military) are not as well armed or trained as infantry units and have a different mission. The infantry is often given this assignment because of the physical quantity of strong men within the unit, although it can lessen a unit's morale and limit the unit's ability to maintain readiness and perform other missions. a military unit of ground forces: He sent three regiments into battle. Escorting consists of protecting support units from ambush, particularly from hostile infantry forces. Historically, infantry have suffered high casualty rates from disease, exposure, exhaustion and privation — often in excess of the casualties suffered from enemy attacks. It was this uncertainty as to its numbers and position that accounted for the man's presence in that lonely spot; he was a young officer of a Federal, Dodik repeated his stance to the EUFOR Commander that 'an initiative to wear the ceremonial uniforms of the RS Army on the Day of the Army of RS, by the Third, support has enabled us to lasting legacy to a unique and British, Lauding the sacrifices rendered by the soldiers of Northern Light, Cohassey, a professional musician and author, traces the experiences of the Michigan 22nd Volunteer, فوج کا وہ دستہ جس کا سپہ سالار کرنل ہوتا ہے. The terms "infantry", "armour", and "cavalry" used in the official names for military units like divisions, brigades, or regiments might be better understood as a description of their expected balance of defensive, offensive, and mobility roles, rather than just use of vehicles. With armoured warfare, armoured fighting vehicles have replaced the horses of cavalry, and airpower has added a new dimension to ground combat, but infantry remains pivotal to all modern combined arms operations. Infantry is a military specialization that engages in military combat on foot, distinguished from cavalry, artillery, and armored forces. The opponents for these first formations, the close-combat infantry of more tribal societies, or any military without regular infantry (so called "barbarians") used arms that focused on the individual – weapons using personal strength and force, such as larger swinging swords, axes, and clubs. Modern versions include machine guns, anti-tank missiles, and infantry mortars. Patrols consist of small groups of infantry moving about in areas of possible enemy activity to locate the enemy and destroy them when found. Infantry units are trained to quickly mobilise, infiltrate, enter and neutralise threat forces when appropriate combat intelligence indicates to secure a location, rescue or capture high-profile targets. Given that infantry forces typically also have some tanks, and given that most armoured forces have more mechanised infantry units than tank units in their organisation, the distinction between mechanised infantry and armour forces has blurred. 1. Not to be confused … Infantry Regiment synonyms, Infantry Regiment pronunciation, Infantry Regiment translation, English dictionary definition of Infantry Regiment. As with grenadiers, the dragoon and cavalry designations can be retained long after their horses, such as in the Royal Dragoon Guards, Royal Lancers, and King's Royal Hussars. Infantry is a military specialization that engages in military combat on foot, distinguished from cavalry, artillery, and armored forces. ... Less than a battalion-equivalent, e.g. Disease epidemics, frostbite, heat stroke, trench foot, insect and wild animal bites are common along with stress disorders and these have sometimes caused more casualties than enemy action. Communications gear has become a necessity, as it allows effective command of infantry units over greater distances, and communication with artillery and other support units. Effective defence relies on minimising losses to enemy fire, breaking the enemy's cohesion before their advance is completed, and preventing enemy penetration of defensive positions. The 211th Infantry Regiment is the Regional Training Institute of Florida. While soldiers in other military branches can use their mount or vehicle for carrying equipment, and tend to operate together as crews serving their vehicle or ordnance, infantrymen must operate more independently; each infantryman usually having much more personal equipment to use and carry. The creation of standing armies—permanently assembled for war or defence—saw increase in training and experience. This can be avoided when each spearman stays side by side with the others in close formation, each covering the ones next to him, presenting a solid wall of spears to the enemy that they cannot get around. The first warriors, adopting hunting weapons or improvised melee weapons,[9] before the existence of any organised military, likely started essentially as loose groups without any organisation or formation. ‘The six Scottish infantry regiments currently have a complement of 2,874 soldiers, which is 386 under strength.’ ‘Without delay he joined a Bavarian infantry regiment and served at the front as a message runner.’ ‘Steele also hopes to persuade young Scots now living in London to think of joining a Scottish regiment.’ Intense discipline and training became paramount. In modern infantry, some APCs have evolved to be infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), which are transport vehicles with more substantial combat abilities, approaching those of light tanks. Beginning with the development the first regular military forces, close-combat regular infantry fought less as unorganised groups of individuals and more in coordinated units, maintaining a defined tactical formation during combat, for increased battlefield effectiveness; such infantry formations and the arms they used developed together, starting with the spear and the shield. Pikemen armour tended to be just steel helmets and breastplates, and gunners little or no armour. The branch of an army made up of units trained to fight on foot. The needs of the infantryman to maintain fitness and effectiveness must be constantly balanced against being overburdened. Even after, with a few exceptions like the Mongol Empire, infantry has been the largest component of most armies in history. Also known as foot soldiers or infantrymen, infantry traditionally relies on moving by foot between combats as well, but may also use mounts, military vehicles, or other transport. [28][29] These heavy loads, combined with long foot patrols of over 40 km (25 mi) a day, in any climate from 43 to −29 °C (109 to −20 °F) in temperature, require the infantryman to be in good physical and mental condition. Their arms were no lighter than line infantry; they were distinguished by their skirmish formation and flexible tactics. Soldiers armed and trained to fight on foot: The general ordered his infantry to attack. This encourages searching for ingenious combinations of effective, rugged, serviceable and adaptable, yet light, compact, and handy infantry equipment. The objective of pursuit operations is the destruction of withdrawing enemy forces which are not capable of effectively engaging friendly units, before they can build their strength to the point where they are effective. derives from the Battle of Chippawa, in which British Major General Phineas Riall noticed that the approaching regiment had on the uniforms of militia, which the British had defeated at Queenston Heights. French cavalry units were called regiments as early as 1558. Then one or both would advance and attempt to defeat the enemy force. The antiquity saw everything from the well-trained and motivated citizen armies of Greek and Rome, the tribal host assembled from farmers and hunters with only passing acquaintance with warfare and masses of lightly armed and ill-trained militia put up as a last ditch effort. A spear has decent attack abilities with the additional advantage keeping opponents at distance; this advantage can be increased by using longer spears, but this could allow the opponent to side-step the point of the spear and close for hand-to-hand combat where the longer spear is near useless. Initially, armour was used to defend both from ranged and close combat; even a fairly light shield could help defend against most slings and javelins, though high-strength bows and crossbows might penetrate common armour at very close range. After the fall of Rome, the quality of heavy infantry declined, and warfare was dominated by heavy cavalry,[13] such as knights, forming small elite units for decisive shock combat, supported by peasant infantry militias and assorted light infantry from the lower classes. By the start of the Renaissance, the infantry began to return to dominance, with Swiss pikemen and German Landsknechts filling the role of heavy infantry again, using dense formations of pikes to drive off any cavalry. Heavy infantry, such as Greek hoplites, Macedonian phalangites, and Roman legionaries, specialised in dense, solid formations driving into the main enemy lines, using weight of numbers to achieve a decisive victory, and were usually equipped with heavier weapons and armour to fit their role. Helmets were added back during World War I as artillery began to dominate the battlefield, to protect against their fragmentation and other blast effects beyond a direct hit. [21] The pilum was a javelin of the Roman legionaries threw just before drawing their primary weapon, the gladius (short sword), and closing with the enemy line.[24]. Of the original regiment, only the 1st Battalion remains as an active duty unit. 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