The term Entartung (or "degeneracy") had gained currency in Germany by the late 19th century when the critic and author Max Nordau devised the theory presented in his 1892 book Entartung. "The Price of Degenerate Art", Working Papers CEB 09-031.RS, ULB – Universite Libre de Bruxelles. A few weeks after the opening of the exhibition, Goebbels ordered a second and more thorough scouring of German art collections; inventory lists indicate that the artworks seized in this second round, combined with those gathered prior to the exhibition, amounted to 16,558 works. All rights reserved. Ear CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. Modern art was [seen as] an act of aesthetic violence by the Jews against the German spirit. Did you mean “entartete kunst” in German Translate to English Translate to French? 05.01.2015 - Erkunde Z Z9s Pinnwand „entartete kunst“ auf Pinterest. Sie sind auf der linken Seite unten aufgeführt. Definition: Kunst: Das Substantiv English Grammar. Translations in context of "entartete Kunst" in German-English from Reverso Context: Die von der Kuppel hängenden Zapfen wurden abgeschlagen, sie galten als entartete Kunst. : +33 3 83 96 21 76 - Fax : +33 3 83 97 24 56 Goebbels war zum Beispiel die Triebkraft bei der Beseitigung „Entarteter Kunst“ aus den staatlichen Museen, gleichzeitig sammelte er selbst Kunst und darunter durchaus auch das eine oder andere, das offiziell als „zersetzend“ galt. Juli 1937 in München eröffnet und zeigte 650 konfiszierte Kunstwerke aus 32 deutschen Museen. The rest of the exhibit had no particular theme. Neben Entartete Kunst-Ensemble hat DAE andere Bedeutungen. Learn more.. [29] Thus, until the outbreak of the war, most Hollywood films could be screened, including It Happened One Night, San Francisco, and Gone with the Wind. [42] Although officially no artists were put to death because of their work, those of Jewish descent who did not escape from Germany in time were sent to concentration camps. en. Sie war Ausdruck einer folgenschweren Kulturpolitik, die freie Kunst an den Pranger stellte. Introduction by Douglas Dodds & Heike Zech, p. ii. [55] An online version of the inventory was made available on the V&A's website in November 2019, with additional features. Als "Entartete Kunst" gelten im NS-Regime alle Kunstwerke und kulturellen Strömungen, die mit dem Kunstverständnis und dem Schönheitsideal der Nationalsozialisten nicht übereinstimmen. Details include artist surname, inventory number, title and medium, followed by a code indicating the fate of the artwork, then the surname of the buyer or art dealer (if any) and any price paid. Add thesaurus 100. There were strict controls over the works of art, music, literature and film that could be enjoyed, and those that were considered Entartete, or ‘degenerate.’ This regulation of cultural life culminated in two exhibitions in the late 1930s: Entartete Kunst (1937) and Entartete Musik (1938). Degenerate Art also was the title of an exhibition, held by the Nazis in Munich in 1937, consisting of 650 modernist artworks chaotically hung and accompanied by text labels deriding the art. Der Katalog ",Entartete' Kunst´" zur Ausstellung im Kallmann-Museum in Ismaning beleuchtet ein dunkles Kapitel deutscher Kulturpolitik. entartet Definition,entartet Bedeutung, Deutsch Definitionen Wörterbuch, Sehen Sie auch 'entrüstet',entartete Kunst',entkräften',entfalten', biespiele Jahrhunderts von der Medizin auf die Kunst übertragen. -Paul Klee (1920) Verbot der ''Entarteten Kunst'' -Bekämpfung einer Both PDFs also include an introduction in English and German. [57] Two copies of an earlier version of Volume 1 (A–G) also survive in the German Federal Archives in Berlin, and one of these is annotated to show the fate of individual artworks. Their response stemmed partly from a conservative aesthetic taste and partly from their determination to use culture as a propaganda tool. Degenerate art was removed from state-owned museums. [22] This edict left many artists initially uncertain as to their status. While modern styles of art were prohibited, the Nazis promoted paintings and sculptures that were traditional in manner and that exalted the "blood and soil" values of racial purity, militarism, and obedience. By reproducing examples of modern art next to photographs of people with deformities and diseases, he graphically reinforced the idea of modernism as a sickness. Viewers had to reach the exhibit by means of a narrow staircase. Bilder von modernen Meistern … Membership is open only to those who fulfill the entrance condition. The document was donated to the V&A's National Art Library by Elfriede Fischer, the widow of the art dealer Heinrich Robert ("Harry") Fischer. Kimmelman, Michael (June 19, 2014). [36] The cover featured the exhibition title—with the word "Kunst", meaning art, in scare quotes—superimposed on an image of Otto Freundlich's sculpture Der Neue Mensch. The day before the exhibition started, … Ich muss das morgen abgeben:rotwerd: LaSuppe, 29. entartete Kunst Definition,entartete Kunst Bedeutung, Deutsch Definitionen Wörterbuch, Sehen Sie auch 'entartet',entrüstet',entwerten',entkräften', biespiele Victoria and Albert Museum 2014. For the exhibition of the same name, use Q329154. El Quijote Moderator Mitarbeiter. [50][51][52], The Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda (Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda) compiled a 479-page, two-volume typewritten listing of the works confiscated as "degenerate" from Germany's public institutions in 1937–38. Add collection 200. [30], By 1937, the concept of degeneracy was firmly entrenched in Nazi policy. Translations in context of "entartete" in German-English from Reverso Context: entartete kunst Note the word "Kunst", meaning art, in scare quotes. Mehr. “Entartete Kunst” or “degenerate art” was the name given by the Nazis in Germany to modern art that wasn’t according to their norms of what art should be. 1938 saw the opening of a sister exhibition, Degenerate Music, which targeted modern styles such as jazz. A. im Singular (Einzahl) und Plural (Mehrzahl) auftreten. Films and plays were also censored. [6] On both counts, a painting such as Otto Dix's War Cripples (1920) was anathema to them. Weitere Ideen zu entartete kunst, kunstproduktion, kunst. [17] Alfred Rosenberg developed this theory in Der Mythos des 20. Juli 1937 in München die Ausstellung „ Entartete Kunst “ statt. Add word 100. External sources (not reviewed) Pendant l'"Entartete Kunst" faites campagne [...] plus de 20 mille travaux par plus de 200 artistes de ce temps ont été confisqués. On September 1st the doors closed to the “Degenerate Art: The Attack on Modern Art in Nazi Germany” exhibit at New York City’s Neue Galerie. By propagating the theory of degeneracy, the Nazis combined their anti-Semitism with their drive to control the culture, thus consolidating public support for both campaigns.[13]. Für alle Bedeutungen von DAE klicken Sie bitte auf "Mehr". Die betroffenen Künstlerinnen und Künstler wurden systematisch ausgegrenzt und verfolgt. [11], Art historian Henry Grosshans says that Hitler "saw Greek and Roman art as uncontaminated by Jewish influences. Victoria and Albert Museum, Albert Gleizes, "Jean Metzinger, Im Boot (En Canot), Degenerate Art Database (Beschlagnahme Inventar, Entartete Kunst)", "Degenerate Art Database (Beschlagnahme Inventar, Entartete Kunst)", "Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art), complete inventory of artworks confiscated by the Nazi regime from public institutions in Germany, 1937–1938, Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda. This is degenerate art, you know. After the exhibit, paintings were sorted out for sale and sold in Switzerland at auction; some pieces were acquired by museums, others by private collectors. [10] In the case of Germany, the model was to be classical Greek and Roman art, regarded by Hitler as an art whose exterior form embodied an inner racial ideal. The exhibitions were intended to ridicule and make examples of those artists and musicians considered inferior according … He attacked Aestheticism in English literature and described the mysticism of the Symbolist movement in French literature as a product of mental pathology. Das ist entartete Kunst. In 1996 the Victoria and Albert Museum in London acquired the only known surviving copy of the complete listing. Da das auf LeMO gebotene Material im Umfang kaum befriedigend im Sinne des Lernziels ist, erscheint eine Ergänzung durch andere Quellen sinnvoll und nötig. Otto Dix retreated to the countryside to paint unpeopled landscapes in a meticulous style that would not provoke the authorities. [59], The main dealers mentioned are Bernhard A. Böhmer (or Boehmer), Karl Buchholz, Hildebrand Gurlitt, and Ferdinand Möller (or Moeller). It is unclear how many of these then reappeared in the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, where they still remain. German Dictionaries. Until the V&A obtained the complete inventory in 1996, all versions of Volume 2 (G–Z) were thought to have been destroyed. Cette affirmation a fait objet d'une polémique en Allemagne2. Irgendwie ist das aber noch nicht das, was ich mir vorstelle. Definition, Rechtschreibung, Synonyme und Grammatik von 'entarten' auf Duden online nachschlagen. In 1937, German museums were purged of modern art by the government, a total of some 15,550 works being removed. While the Nazi exhibition "Entartete Kunst" (Degenerate Art) has been reconstructed and shown numerous times since 1945, "Entartete Musik" was long forgotten. Reverso offers you a German definition dictionary to search entartete Kunst and thousands of other words. Such art was discouraged or banned on the grounds that it was more or less subtle propaganda of un-German, Jewish, or Communist nature. entartete Kunst phrase diffamierende NS-Bezeichnung für unerwünschte, moderne Kunst, (Geschichte, pejorativ) → entartet The Nazis viewed the culture of the Weimar period with disgust. Der Verbleib vieler damals beschlagnahmter Kunstwerke ist bis heute ungeklärt. Die Nationalsozialisten entwickelten ein gesondertes Kunstideal und verfolgten dem entgegenstehende Kunst … Ernst Ludwig Kirchner committed suicide in Switzerland in 1938. [58] The listings are arranged alphabetically by city, museum and artist. Bis April 1941 wanderte sie in zwölf weitere Städte. [2], The early 20th century was a period of wrenching changes in the arts. 1 and 2. Information über entartet im frei zugänglichen Online Englisch-Wörterbuch und Enzyklopädie. [28] Mass culture was less stringently regulated than high culture, possibly because the authorities feared the consequences of too heavy-handed interference in popular entertainment. Wenn Sie unsere englische Version besuchen und Definitionen von Entartete Kunst-Ensemble in anderen Sprachen sehen möchten, klicken Sie bitte auf … Those identified as degenerate artists were subjected to sanctions that included being dismissed from teaching positions, being forbidden to exhibit or to sell their art, and in some cases being forbidden to produce art.[1]. Benny Goodman and Django Reinhardt were popular, and leading British and American jazz bands continued to perform in major cities until the war; thereafter, dance bands officially played "swing" rather than the banned jazz. All our dictionaries are bidirectional, meaning that you can look up words in both languages at the same time. degenerated art . Das Substantiv (Hauptwort, Namenwort) dient zur Benennung von Menschen, Tieren, Sachen u. Ä. A. im Singular (Einzahl) und Plural (Mehrzahl) auftreten. [18], Hitler's rise to power on January 31, 1933, was quickly followed by actions intended to cleanse the culture of degeneracy: book burnings were organized, artists and musicians were dismissed from teaching positions, and curators who had shown a partiality for modern art were replaced by Party members. Over time the place changed its face many times. The rooms were made of temporary partitions and deliberately chaotic and overfilled. Those who remained in Germany were forbidden to work at universities and were subject to surprise raids by the Gestapo in order to ensure that they were not violating the ban on producing artwork; Nolde secretly carried on painting, but using only watercolors (so as not to be betrayed by the telltale odor of oil paint). Vote & Rate 5. entartet bei Wortbedeutung.info: Bedeutung, Definition, Synonyme, Übersetzung, Herkunft, Rechtschreibung. [24], Although books by Franz Kafka could no longer be bought by 1939, works by ideologically suspect authors such as Hermann Hesse and Hans Fallada were widely read. Degenerate art, German Entartete Kunst, term used by the Nazi Party in Germany to describe art that did not support the ideals of Nazism.It was also the title of a propagandistically designed Nazi exhibition of modern art held in Munich in 1937.. With Hitler’s rise to power in 1933, the systematic suppression of contemporary art quickly spread throughout Germany. Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. „Entartete Kunst“ war während der nationalsozialistischen Diktatur in Deutschland der offiziell propagierte Begriff für mit rassentheoretischen Begründungen diffamierte Moderne Kunst.Der Begriff Entartung wurde Ende des 19. In this way all unwanted and damaging elements have been excluded. Durchsuchen Sie die Anwendungsbeispiele 'entartete Kunst' im großartigen Deutsch-Korpus. Comment dire entartete kunst en Allemand? < entartet , entartete , ist entartet > entarten VERB etwas entartet abwert. Free: Learn English, French and other languages, Reverso Documents: translate your documents online, Learn English watching your favourite videos, All German definitions from our dictionary. "Entartete Kunst" Nationalsozialisten stellen Maler an den Pranger. The exhibitions, which had titles such as Schreckenskammer (Chamber of Terror), Kunst im Dienste der Zersetzung (Art in the Service of Subversion) and Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art), were united by a common theme: they denounced works of art which were interpreted as an attack against the German people and as symptoms of a cultural decline inextricably associated with liberal democracy. Films such as Robert Wiene's The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920) and F. W. Murnau's Nosferatu (1922) brought Expressionism to cinema. Der Einfluss dieser Kunstrichtung reicht bis in die zeitgenössische Kunst hinein. Add your entry in the Collaborative Dictionary. 1, p. 7. Die Ausstellung "Entartete Kunst" wurde am 19. Erfahren Sie mehr über Aussprache, Synonyme und Grammatik. In the case of paintings acquired during the post-war Weimar hyperinflation of the early 1920s, when the cost of a kilogram loaf of bread reached 233 billion German marks,[34] the prices of the paintings were of course greatly exaggerated. Copies were made available to other libraries and research organisations at the time, and much of the information was subsequently incorporated into a database maintained by the Freie Universität Berlin. diffamierende NS-Bezeichnung für unerwünschte, moderne Kunst, German Definition Dictionary K Dictionaries. In March 1939, the Berlin Fire Brigade burned about 4000 paintings, drawings and prints that had apparently little value on the international market. Degenerate music (German: Entartete Musik, German pronunciation: [ɛntˈaʁtɛtə muˈziːk]) was a label applied in the 1930s by the Nazi government in Germany to certain forms of music that it considered harmful or decadent.The Nazi government's concerns about degenerate music were a part of its larger and better-known campaign against degenerate art (German: Entartete Kunst). "Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art), complete inventory of over 16,000 artworks confiscated by the Nazi regime from public institutions in Germany, 1937–1938, Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda. Das ist entartete Kunst. Meanings for entartete kunst Add a meaning Cancel. The first sculpture was an oversized, theatrical portrait of Jesus, which purposely intimidated viewers as they literally bumped into it in order to enter. The exhibition program contained photographs of modern artworks accompanied by defamatory text. Degenerate art is the English translation of the German entartete Kunst, a term adopted by the Nazi regime in Germany to describe virtually all modern art. By 1937, the concept of degeneracy was firmly entrenched in Nazi policy. [61], A Picasso, a play by Jeffrey Hatcher based loosely on actual events, is set in Paris 1941 and sees Picasso being asked to authenticate three works for inclusion in an upcoming exhibition of Degenerate art. Only in Stalin's Soviet Union, where Socialist Realism was the mandatory style, had a modern state shown such concern with regulation of the arts. [9] By his order, 70 mostly Expressionist paintings were removed from the permanent exhibition of the Weimar Schlossmuseum in 1930, and the director of the König Albert Museum in Zwickau, Hildebrand Gurlitt, was dismissed for displaying modern art. degenerate art . Thanks for contributing. Add word 100. You are not logged in.. (In 1937, it would be displayed in the Degenerate Art exhibition next to a label accusing Dix—himself a volunteer in World War I[7]—of "an insult to the German heroes of the Great War". The term was especially in use during the years 1933-1945, when the Nazis were in power. [46] Whereas it was forbidden to export "degenerate art" to Germany, it was still possible to buy and sell artworks of "degenerate artists" in occupied France. Vote & Rate 5. Goebbels made it clear: "In future only those who are members of a chamber are allowed to be productive in our cultural life. Schulz-Hoffmann, Carla; Weiss, Judith C. (1984). In the visual arts, such innovations as Fauvism, Cubism, Dada, and Surrealism—following Symbolism and Post-Impressionism—were not universally appreciated. There were slogans painted on the walls. Pronounce word 150. The earlier PDF edition remains available too. De très nombreux exemples de phrases traduites contenant "entartete Kunst" – Dictionnaire français-allemand et moteur de recherche de traductions françaises. Over 5000 works were seized, including 1052 by Nolde, 759 by Heckel, 639 by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and 508 by Max Beckmann, as well as smaller numbers of works by such artists as Alexander Archipenko, Marc Chagall, James Ensor, Albert Gleizes, Henri Matisse, Jean Metzinger, Pablo Picasso, and Vincent van Gogh. Oct 1, 2014 - Entartete Kunst is a personal project by Derek Stenning who has spent the last decade working as a production artist in the game design field and is currently the senior concept artist at Microsoft Studios Victoria. Vote & Rate 5. @wikidata. The Degenerate Art Exhibition (German: Die Ausstellung "Entartete Kunst") was an art exhibition organized by Adolf Ziegler and the Nazi Party in Munich from 19 July to 30 November 1937. Substantiv. These works were then to be presented to the public in an exhibit intended to incite further revulsion against the "perverse Jewish spirit" penetrating German culture.[31]. Introduction by Douglas Dodds & Heike Zech, p. i. Victoria and Albert Museum 2014. entartete Kunst translation in German - English Reverso dictionary, see also 'entartet',Enter-Taste',entarten',Entree', examples, definition, conjugation [5] In 1913, the Prussian house of representatives passed a resolution "against degeneracy in art".[4]. entartet, entrüstet, entwerten, entkräften. Positive forms of entartet. was bedeutet entartet. Boa, Elizabeth, and Rachel Palfreyman (2000). These included being dismissed from teaching positions, being forbidden to exhibit or to … Grosshans 1983, p. 9. Eröffnet und ins Leben gerufen wurde die Ausstellung von Joseph Goebbels und Adolf Ziegler, dem Präsident der Reichskammer der Bildenden Künste. Der Begriff Verismus wurde zuerst 1920 von Wilhelm Hausenstein verwendet, der ihn auf Heinrich Maria Davringhausen und George Grosz bezog. Entartete Kunst (dekadent, forvansket kunst, "degenereret kunst") var den tyske betegnelse, nationalsocialisterne brugte om kunst, de ikke brød sig om. Juli 1937 werden in München in Anwesenheit Adolf Hitlers bei der Einweihung des "Hauses der deutschen Kunst" 3000 Arbeiten der "neuen" deutschen Kunst gezeigt. Vor 80 Jahren (19. Learn more.. [53][54], A digital reproduction of the entire inventory was published on the Victoria and Albert Museum's website in January 2014. Avant-garde German artists were now branded both enemies of the state and a threat to German culture. This was an act of unprecedented vandalism, although the Nazis were well used to book burnings on a large scale. Pictures were crowded together, sometimes unframed, usually hung by cord. Victoria and Albert Museum 2014, vol. [41] The Reichskulturkammer forbade artists such as Edgar Ende and Emil Nolde from purchasing painting materials. Pronounce word 150. But Hitler ... took upon himself the responsibility of deciding who, in matters of culture, thought and acted like a Jew. entartet - definition entartet übersetzung entartet Wörterbuch. "Entartete Kunst" galt ja nicht als "entartet", weil sie als Medium für Regimekritik verwendet wurde. "[12], The supposedly "Jewish" nature of all art that was indecipherable, distorted, or that represented "depraved" subject matter was explained through the concept of degeneracy, which held that distorted and corrupted art was a symptom of an inferior race. [23] For many modernist artists, such as Max Beckmann, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, and Oskar Schlemmer, it was not until June 1937 that they surrendered any hope that their work would be tolerated by the authorities. [48], The couple Sophie and Emanuel Fohn, who exchanged the works for harmless works of art from their own possession and kept them in safe custody throughout the National Socialist era, saved about 250 works by ostracized artists. Add thesaurus 100. It was the birthplace of Expressionism in painting and sculpture, of the atonal musical compositions of Arnold Schoenberg, and the jazz-influenced work of Paul Hindemith and Kurt Weill. Der Dadaismus ist eine künstlerische und kulturkritische Bewegung, die im Jahr 1916 begann. [58] The entries also include abbreviations to indicate whether the work was included in any of the various Entartete Kunst exhibitions (see Degenerate Art Exhibition) or Der ewige Jude (see The Eternal Jew (art exhibition)). These works were then to be presented to the public in an exhibit intended to incite further revulsion against the "perverse … Adolf Hitler visiting the Degenerate Art exhibition in 1937. A leading German dealer, Alfred Flechtheim, died penniless in exile in London in 1937. Other articles where Entartete Kunst is discussed: degenerate art: …of these exhibits was “Entartete Kunst,” which opened in Munich in July 1937 and was advertised as “culture documents of the decadent work of Bolsheviks and Jews.” The works on exhibit included only a small segment of the almost 16,000 works of modern art confiscated from German museums on… Sie zog über 3,2 Millionen Besucher an. [64], Pejorative term used by Nazi party for modern art, Artistic movements condemned as degenerate. entartet (comparative entarteter, superlative am entartetsten) degenerate; Declension . Entartete Kunst, was started in an attempt to get back to his creative roots and features weathered cosm… verus = wahr), wird häufig, jedoch nicht immer der Neuen Sachlichkeit als deren "linker Flügel" zugerechnet. The new edition uses IIIF page-turning software and incorporates an interactive index arranged by city and museum. Pronounce word 150. Next to many paintings were labels indicating how much money a museum spent to acquire the artwork. These included, for example, the bronze cubist-style statue of a female dancer by the artist Marg Moll, and are now on display at the Neues Museum. All modern art was considered ‘degenerate’ by the National Socialist (Nazi) party. For example: Speeches of Nazi party leaders contrasted with artist manifestos from various art movements, such as Dada and Surrealism. [32] The Entartete Kunst exhibit, featuring over 650 paintings, sculptures, prints, and books from the collections of 32 German museums, premiered in Munich on July 19, 1937, and remained on view until November 30, before traveling to 11 other cities in Germany and Austria. Mit Hilfe von Strahlung soll erreicht werden, dass entartete Zellen ihre Teilungsfähigkeit verlieren und somit ein weiteres Wachstum des Tumors verhindert wird. Juli 1937) begann in München die nationalsozialistische Propaganda-Ausstellung "Entartete Kunst". [47] As a consequence, many works made by these artists were sold at the main French auction house during the occupation. [19] In September 1933, the Reichskulturkammer (Reich Culture Chamber) was established, with Joseph Goebbels, Hitler's Reichminister für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda (Reich Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda) in charge. You are not logged in.. Add collection 200. Prononciation de entartete kunst à 2 prononciations audio, 9 traductions, et de plus pour entartete kunst. Add thesaurus 100. Market circus, revue theatre, "degenerate art", movie palace, propaganda instrument, TV studio, show palace. Such art was banned on the grounds that it was un-German or Jewish Bolshevist in nature, and those identified as degenerate artists were subjected to sanctions. [56], The V&A's copy of the full inventory is thought to have been compiled in 1941 or 1942, after the sales and disposals were completed. "[21] However, a faction led by Alfred Rosenberg despised the Expressionists, and the result was a bitter ideological dispute, which was settled only in September 1934, when Hitler declared that there would be no place for modernist experimentation in the Reich. Victoria and Albert Museum", "Rescued pre-WWII 'degenerate art' on display in the Neues Museum in Berlin", "Nazi Degenerate Art Rediscovered in Berlin", "Freie Universität Berlin Database "Entartete Kunst, Explore 'Entartete Kunst': The Nazis' inventory of 'degenerate art', "Portrait of the Artist as a Master of the One-Liner", "Ve haff vays of being unintentionally funny", "Train, The (1965) – (Movie Clip) Degenerate Art", 'The Taste of Sand in the Mouth': 1939 and 'Degenerate' Egyptian Art, The Faustian Bargain: the Art World in Nazi Germany, Video on a research project about Degenerate Art, Collection: "All Artists in the Degenerate Art Show", Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program ("Monuments Men"), Washington Principles on Nazi-Confiscated Art, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Degenerate_art&oldid=991653925, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Insolent mockery of the Divine under Centrist rule, The Jewish longing for the wilderness reveals itself—in Germany the, Even museum bigwigs called this the "art of the German people".
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