In addition, there is a need to empower and engage all professionals working in the department to perform as leaders who can provide quality health care. All professional who work in the surgical department and from all levels will be trained in care process redesign and quality improvement through the use of various programs including educational offerings and poster presentations, shared governance programs, and E3 (Exploring Executive Excellence) mentoring program. In itself, the hospital is part of a bigger health care system. Negative feedback can be used to analyze the unit’s effectiveness and performance (Pyone, Smith, & van den Broek, 2017). Web. J Environ Health. Reflections on Health Policy and Systems Research..... 469 de Savigny D et al. Understanding of inter-relationships and alignment is not only about parts and processes within the system, but also to the system and its environment – an “open systems” approach. In addition, the collaboration will make solving various issues easy and this will in turn improve the culture and climate. White, F. (2015). This paper uses the model to analyze a major problem affecting a given unit. These subsystems interact with each other and each has vividly coherent dynamics and defined boundaries. The RN to BSN transition: A qualitative systematic review. However, the lack of proper coordination and collaboration in the department is attributable to inequitable division of labor and failure of different individuals to carry out their roles as required. Several goals and objectives should be considered to facilitate the above outcome. The best solution that should be considered is hiring new practitioners to transform the current situation. The proposed change will create a new environment whereby different stakeholders share ideas, solve problems, identify new resources, and engage in critical thinking. It is the desire of every institution to meet the set mission and values (Walshe & Rundall, 2001). Beginning in the 1920s, von Bertalanffy lectured on the limitations of the Newtonian concepts of closed systems and linear cause and effect. Making the case for differentiation of registered nurse practice: Historical perspectives meet contemporary efforts. Advances in health care organization theory, 253, 288. Such standards can guide the unit’s leaders to deal with the above problems. Each of these subsections has an authority and collaboration between the various subsections is necessary to promote the performance and quality of services offered by the department (Glanz, Rimer & Viswanath, 2008). OPEN MINDSETS: PARTICIPATORY LEADERSHIP FOR HEALTH In an increasingly globalized, connected and complex world, health systems are frequently challenged by crises of all kinds, from market meltdowns to deadly outbreaks and conflicts. Healthcare organizations continuously adapt system functioning in response to feedback and informational signals to counteract entropy. Consequently, such practitioners will complete their duties efficiently and develop superior care delivery models. A system acts as a boundary for a single client, a group, or even a number of groups; it can also be defined as a social issue. There is also a need to concentrate on transformational leadership in the department. section, the open-system models are reported, where the humanistic and behavioral perspectives are introduced. An open system is a system that interacts and is influenced by its environment (Scott, 2002). Healthcare institutions are usually conceptualized as open systems characterized by output, input, and throughput factors. An open system is a system that regularly exchanges feedback with its external environment. Health care delivery is a system. Ratnapalan, S., & Uleryk, E. (2014). A systems approach to healthcare delivery — one that understands how elements of care operate individually and in connection with each other — can improve the value of healthcare. The surgical department has numerous operations and energy transformation or throughput is experienced in the production subsystems that promote labor division so as to ensure that tasks are accomplished. Past studies have revealed that staffing shortage is a risk factor for re-hospitalization, falls, and sentinel events. Open systems are systems, of course, so inputs, processes, outputs, goals, assessment and evaluation, and learning are all important. Embracing Systems Theory in health care can reduce adverse events and improve patient care without ignoring individual accountability. Web. Finally, providing departmental learning opportunities is imperative for leadership teams and individual leaders to learn together as well as come up with tools that can assist in meeting the desired goals and desired outcome. The second objective or goal is to fulfill the concept of meaningful use (Anbari, 2015). In the surgical department, the negative feedback includes the collaboration, communication, feedback, and support from other departments and the management that are aimed at promoting quality and the services offered. Web. It saw organizations as operating without any influences from the outside. A department in a healthcare organization that uses the systems theory. A surgical department comprises of an energic output- input system. In the surgical department, throughput includes patient’s physical examination, thinking, planning, diagnosing, writing prescriptions, decision-making, patient operation, taking vital signs, sorting, constructing, making speeches, meeting in groups, sharing information, and discussion. Publications Related to System Theory. The surgical department is a good example of the application of systems theory in healthcare organizations (Walshe & Rundall, 2001). Health care organizations that deliver health care to a population are a major constituent of health care systems in many countries. The use of modern informatics and technological devices can transform the experiences of many elderly patients. (1) The proof is self-evident from observation and testing the applicability of systems theory to all systems. Such interactions can take the form of information, energy, or material transfers into or out of the system boundary, depending on the discipline which defines the concept. The world we reside in is extremely complex and made up of subsystems. 6.2 Systems Theory Approach. Consequently, the unit has been recording undesirable health outcomes (negative feedback). Associates and Bachelor Nursing Differences, Hialeah Gardens in Dade-County Community Needs, Nursing Shortage in the Medical Institutions, Stimulants, Depressants, Opioids Causing Addiction, King’s Theory of Goal Attainment in Nursing, Pressure Ulcers Project: Stakeholders and Barriers. The institution’s ability to hire more nurses and caregivers has led to the problem of staffing shortage in the unit. Systems thinking: Applying a systems perspective to design and evaluate health systems interventions. Systems theory finds some of its roots within the biological sciences, as some of the founders of its core concepts, including Ludwig Bertalanffy and Humberto Maturana, were biologists. However, what I believe is clear is that directionally this is where the market will eventually go. The mission of the organization is to become a leading provider of quality, affordable, and efficient care to all patients. A recent trend in the literature has been to characterize healthcare activities in terms of complex systems theory. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that the the job market for health care managers will grow by 16 percent through 2018. 2007), thereby forming a whole with properties beyond the component parts (Checkland 1981). Ludwig von Bertalanffy developed the systems theory in 19302 with an aim of simplifying the world’s complexity and making it more comprehensible to human beings. 2. Additionally, the lack of adequate resources and modern equipment impact patient outcomes negatively. One of the challenges that the surgical departments is likely to suffer is lack of collaboration and proper coordination between the various professionals that are supposed to care for patients in the department. Read about how the systems approach has been used to investigate foodborne and waterborne outbreaks: Dippold L, Lee R, Selman C, Monroe S, Henry C. A gastroenteritis outbreak due to norovirus associated with a Colorado hotel external icon. As a result, many patients may end up dying as a result of inadequate care and complications. This is the argument asserted by proponents of contingency theory. Inputs include members of staff, fiscal resources, and care delivery systems. Health care management is a growing field. These 10 examples show the power of innovation in healthcare and how new ideas and technology can completely change the experience for patients and providers. The proposed solution will bring on board more competent nurses and promote the use of modern health informatics (Matthias, 2015). The concept of work-life balance will be used as a critical objective. At times, there are so many patients in the surgical ward such that there are no sufficient healthcare professionals, time, and resources to care for them adequately. Complexity science belongs to newest systems thinking, which explore complex systems by focusing on the system components, relationships and interconnections rather than on the individual components themselves. Improving health care by embracing Systems Theory Brett R. Anderson, MD, MBA, MS/POR The development of Systems Theory is largely accredited to Austrian biologist Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy. It also lacks adequate resources and modern technological devices to address patients’ needs. The development of Systems Theory is largely accredited to Austrian biologist Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy. A powerful model aimed at achieving the attributes associated with magnet facilities can also be implemented. The surgical department can also counteract entropy through adapting system functioning in reaction to the environment’s feedback and informational signals. Each of these subsections has an authority and collaboration between the various subsections is necessary to promote the performance and quality of services offered by the department (Glanz, Rimer & Viswanath, 2008). Cybernetics and Systems: Vol. We will write a custom essay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn more. This section provides a discussion on the total quality management model and the supplychain/synergy model, which introduces a new con-cept of including the customer’s perspective in designing open systems. Healthcare is notorious for its closed systems. The leaders at the unit should present new ideas and resources to deliver exemplary health services. The approach will encourage different nurses in the unit to focus on the desired outcome. Systems may be living or nonliving. With the differentiation of the department, additional coordination and integration are necessary to ensure unification of the system functioning (Begun, Zimmerman & Dooley, 2003). Mutale, W., Balabanova, D., Chintu, N., Mwanamwenge, M., & Ayles, H. (2014). A literature review will be conducted in regard to highly reliable systems and personalized health care. The leaders at the unit should establish powerful teams to support the health needs of different patients. The managers and leaders will engage others, empower newly-recruited caregivers, and make timely health decisions. Every system is bounded by space and time, influenced by its environment, defined by its structure and purpose, and expressed through its functioning. That being the case, the unit can be described as a production subsystem of the institution. Open systems theory is useful for businesses because it provides a framework for thinking about processes such as change – a regular part of running a business. This article describes the most typical characteristics of complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory and how it works in healthcare organizations and nursing practice. (2008). Read about how the systems approach has been used to investigate foodborne and waterborne outbreaks: Dippold L, Lee R, Selman C, Monroe S, Henry C. A gastroenteritis outbreak due to norovirus associated with a Colorado hotel external icon. Systems theory is an interdisciplinary field of science concerned with the nature of complex systems, be they physical or natural or purely mathematical. Home > Health & Medicine > The Open System Theory. Anbari, A. We see painful reminders in restrictions on accessing our own health data. Numerous cycles of events may be experienced in the surgical department. Evidence‐based Management: From Theory to Practice in Health Care. The environment consists of other organizations that exert various forces of an economic, political, or social nature. Second, they should respect confidentiality and privacy. Application of system thinking concepts in health system strengthening in low-income settings: A proposed conceptual framework for the evaluation of a complex health system intervention: The case of the BHOMA intervention in Zambia. Yet the research literature currently lacks an appropriate analysis of this sort. Systems theory became one of the widely accepted methods applied to studies which concerned healthcare systems, Bielecki & Stocki, Andersen, Mlakar & Mulej, and Montgomery & Oladapo. The institution can also identify, recruit, and train nurse aids to deliver quality care (White, 2015). The clinical and administrative processes in today's healthcare environment are becoming increasingly complex. To understand open systems theory, it is necessary to first look at what is mean by an open system. The view of organizations as open social systems that must interact with their environments in order to survive is known as the systems theory approach The view of organizations as open social systems that must interact with their environments in order to survive..Organizations depend on their environments for several essential resources: customers who … This concept was expanded upon with the advent of information theory and subsequently systems theory. On the same note, it will be imperative to use unit boards and shared governance model as the platform for involving nurses in leading patient safety and process improvement initiatives. The concept of meaningful use can become a powerful policy for informing the practice of every nurse. It does not necessarily take into consideration how trauma or an individual’s history with mental health conditions might influence individual or group reactions. These aspects show conclusively that the inputs, throughput, output, and negative feedback aspects of the unit are linked to this problem (Mutale, Balabanova, Chintu, Mwanamwenge, & Ayles, 2014). Such aspects will definitely support the mission. Considering that the healthcare organization is an open system, there is a need for it to have negentropy or negative entropy that can be achieved through some of storage capacity so as to promote its existence. (Eds.). Open system theory was intially developed by Ludwig von Bertanlanffy (1956), a biologist, but it was immediately applicable across all disciplines. First, it will be important to produce evidence which will drive the specialist’s practice, legitimize, and recognize knowledge evolution in the environment that is changing rapidly. The workers in the surgical department are supposed to comply with various professional standards. 2006; Atun et al. Output is the service or product that results from a system’s throughput and processing of human, financial, social, and technical input. (2010). The selected geriatrics unit offers timely, quality, and affordable care to aged people. However, a detailed analysis of the practices and goals of the unit using the Open Systems Model reveal that the leaders have been unable to focus on the issues affecting nurse practitioners and their patients. Demands external to the healthcare organization encompass environmental factors (e.g. Or are avoidable deaths from preventable errors inevitable? In Open System Theory, each system and its subsystems adapt to internal and external demands and feedback. Healthcare is notorious for its closed systems. OSH delivers essential home care services to help you live life on your own terms. Open systems, by contrast, will usually grow and evolve[1][2]. The theory that all living systems are open systems constantly exchanging information, matter, and energy with the environment. Complexity science belongs to newest systems thinking, which explore complex systems by focusing on the system components, relationships and interconnections rather than on the individual components themselves. Systems theory is an interdisciplinary field of science concerned with the nature of complex systems, be they physical or natural or purely mathematical. Given this information it is obvious how systems theory can be applied to health care. It will also be necessary for the surgical department to secure and assess organizational synergy that will promote redesigning care as well as securing appropriate resources (Walshe & Rundall, 2001). SYSTEMS THEORY A system is a set of related interacting parts en­ closed in a boundary (Von Bertalanffy, 1975\. used in health care informatics is systems theory. 489-507. Open system (systems theory) ... An open system is a system that has external interactions. The first objective is to focus on the magnet status designation. Systems and Systems Thinking Open systems are more flexible and healthier. Systems as cycles of events in the unit refer to accreditation and certification procedures. This discussion shows clearly that the unit fits the criterion for the Systems Theory terminologies. The surgical department is itself a social system where the subsystems struggle to ensure a dynamic steady situation in which energy flow regularities maintain the system’s character. Introduction. 7, pp. It is worth noting that the principal mechanism is labor division and this determines the work flow and structure as far as the production subsystem is concerned. This paper explores the question of what systems thinking adds to the field of global health. The theory views the world as constituting of smaller subsystems that humans utilize on a daily basis. 6.2 Systems Theory Approach. SYSTEMS THEORY APPROACH TO THE HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION ON NATIONAL LEVEL. Observing that elements of systems thinking are already common in public health research, the article discusses which of the large body of theories, methods, and tools associated with systems thinking are more useful. Work subdivision creates work flow breaks but this has continuously been identified as a challenge in the surgical department. Systems thinking for health systems Another goal is hiring and retaining competent nurse aids and practitioners. Therefore chis is the first theory co be discussed in chis chapter. The view of organizations as open social systems that must interact with their environments in order to survive is known as the systems theory approach The view of organizations as open social systems that must interact with their environments in order to survive..Organizations depend on their environments for several essential resources: customers who … And it goes deeper. Open systems theory is a way of thinking about dynamic systems, or systems that interact with their environments. Nursing Services Delivery Theory. System theory studies the way systems communicate, how they are successful or why they fail. Healthcare institutions are usually conceptualized as open systems characterized by output, input, and throughput factors. Some of the inputs include funds, information, the efforts from nurses and physicians, the time these professionals use, energy, fuel, individual effort, time, and any other raw material. It has several caregivers, nurse practitioners, clinicians, and physicians. Healthcare institutions are usually conceptualized as open systems characterized by output, input, and throughput factors. An Open System: Continually receives input from its environment (host system) Continually produces output to its environment (host system) Evolves as a result of these exchanges – new information stimulates adaptation, renewal and reinvention; The whole is more than the sum of the parts (which is often how high performance teams are described) The acquisition of powerful equipment will make it easier for more nurse aides and practitioners to pursue their goals (Ratnapalan & Uleryk, 2014). Sociologist and organizational theorist Charles Perrow describes normal accidents as inevitable, yet unanticipated, events resulting from a convergence of system failures. Multiple providers, new technology, competition, and the growing ubiquity of information all contribute to the notion of health care as a complex system. Nursing Services Delivery Theory: An Open System Approach As noted in the Learning Resources, systems theory provides a meaningful and beneficial means of examining challenges in healthcare organizations. These cycles repeat themselves as exports are used to gain more energy to export and reorganize. This could leave some contributing factors to a person’s mental health condition unaddressed. Organizational learning in health care organizations. Systems, 2, 24-33. All businesses are dynamic systems, evolving and changing in response to feedback. This standard requires that states should have powerful strategies to retain and recruit competent nurses. Aspects that are critically important to open systems include the boundaries, external environment and equifinality. The throughput attributes include healthcare delivery processes and interventions. Open system organization theory accepts that culture, law and consumers' needs all have an influence on an organization. Moreover, there will be an analysis of patient experience and care in several areas within the department. Discussion of the relationship between systems theory and healthcare delivery in the U.S. System theory is a science that studies systems. In this Forum, Wietmarschen, Wortelboer, and van der Greef 3 provide a highly accessible vision for the future of complex adaptive systems and why they are needed. Educational material regarding the application of systems theory to the administration of modern healthcare organizations. Explore our services today and find the care that's right for you. Web. Principles of systems theory have been applied to the field of psychology to explore and explain be… This unit can be described using the Open System Theory. This will help in optimizing patient and specialist interaction whenever it occurs. Frameworks to assess health systems governance: A systematic review. Although some of the components of a health care organization may function as a simple or complicated system where interventions would yield the expected results, many parts of it function as complex systems within the organization. It defines the concept of a system, where "all systems are characterized by an assemblage or combination of parts whose relations make them interdependent" (Scott p. 77). Examples of systems include computer systems, school systems, the health care system, and a per­ son. Although some of the components of a health care organization may function as a simple or complicated system where interventions would yield the expected results, many parts of it function as complex systems within the organization. Concepts from sys­ tems theory can be applied in understanding the way people work with computers in a health care In the second section, the open-system models are reported, where the humanistic and behavioral perspectives are introduced. Appropriateness of leadership style depends on the organization or the leader that handled the organization. To ensure that there are transformational leaders in the surgical department, it will be necessary to invest in leaders who can implement and create environments, products, and programs to satisfy patient needs (Walshe & Rundall, 2001). Promoting collaboration in the surgical department would improve patient outcome, employee satisfaction, and performance of the entire department and entity. Publications Related to System Theory. Systems theory summarizes concepts that apply to all systems. The magnet status concept will become a crucial policy that informs every nurse’s care delivery model. The individuals will promote a new environment whereby processes are evaluated continuously to identify areas for improvement. There periods may be followed by stable times where there are adequate staff and resources to care for the few admitted patients. Within each model, the advantages and disadvantages in managing the … One of the objectives that can guide the stated goal and desired outcome is the integration of work procedures across subunits and roles through the use of coordination devices. In the light of this discussion, inputs comprise of the resources, energy, and raw materials that processed within the department to enable production of outputs in the department (Begun, Zimmerman & Dooley, 2003). For instance, a hospital is a systems that has outputs, processes, and inputs. Basically, the theory aims at explaining how things function around us. about how to integrate the theory of systems and systems thinking into medical education. National health care systems have been found ineffective in most countries. Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K., & Viswanath, K. Open systems theory refers simply to the concept that organizations are strongly influenced by their environment. B. Society’s inequities along social class, race and ethnicity, and gender lines are reproduced in our health and health care. The processes, experiences and governance of health systems has also been, historically, closed. Beginning in the 1920s, von Bertalanffy lectured on the limitations of the Newtonian concepts of closed systems and linear cause … These aspects describe what is known as systems theory. The processes, experiences and governance of health systems has also been, historically, closed. According to systems theory, patient safety and quality of healthcare is an emergent property of the entire healthcare system , it follows that the improvement of health care outcomes needs to be based in a systematic appreciation of the whole system that contributes to those outcomes. (2010). 2 THINKING DIFFERENTLY AND SYSTEMS DYNAMICS MODELLING. Health Policy and Planning, 32, 710-722. As shown in Figure 1-1, open systems take input {information/matter/energy) from the environment, process the input, and then return output to the environment. The major values associated with the organization include justice, equality, autonomy, and integrity. We see painful reminders in restrictions on accessing our own health data. The NSDT applies Open System Theory to nursing work in large‐scale healthcare organizations . Introduction. Different processes such as event cycles, coordination, negative entropy, and integration influence the behaviors and goals of practitioners. Web. An open system is also known as a flow system. Medical Principles and Practice, 24, 103-116. The unit is a crucial element of the targeted organization since it supports the outlined goals and objectives. This goal will ensure that different stakeholders in the unit are guided and empowered to implement evidence-based practices that can transform the outcomes of more patients. Finally, using systems theory as a framework, various issues within the health care system is discussed in detail such as: (1) when facilitating sustainable changes in organizations; (2) whenpromoting the unification of health care teams to enhance patient care; and (3) when explaining treatment principles in oncology. A participative health care system with empowered patients as The current problem of staffing shortage and lack of adequate resources has affected the health outcomes of many elderly patients. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 5(4), 108-114. 41, No. Cybernetics and Systems: Vol. According to the open system theory, the surgical department has a hierarchical nature in which every level has a subsystem consisting of interrelated parts. Open systems, by contrast, will usually grow and evolve[1][2]. The desired outcome is that the unit will adopt and support every magnet attribute. There will be a healthcare platform that does a great job connecting heterogeneous systems. SYSTEMS THEORY APPROACH TO THE HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION ON NATIONAL LEVEL. On the same note, disturbances indicate system adaptation. The targeted unit has been unable to achieve its goals due to the nature of this problem. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Third, there is a need to demonstrate empathy when interacting with everyone and treat everyone with dignity and respect (Begun, Zimmerman & Dooley, 2003). There is also a need to be accountable for the decisions made and adopt strategies for dealing with misjudgments and errors. Meaningful use is another professional standard that describes the manner in which practitioners can use modern technologies to improve patients’ health outcomes. Web. The geriatric unit is always expected to identify, analyze, and support the emerging health needs of every elderly patient. In the surgical department, systems theory can be used to ensure professional autonomy, promote the staff’s participation in decision making, and create supportive care environments. In regard to developing transformational leaders, the department will partner with various bodies such as business schools to enable identification of a proper assessment tool through which a gap analysis can be conducted in connection to the present knowledge state about patient safety and quality (Walshe & Rundall, 2001). Noted earlier, the coordination, complexity, and support the unit refer to accreditation and procedures..., experiences and governance of health and health education: theory, 253, 288 collaboration in surgical... Transforming the organization to increase as the number of objectives you live life your! Research literature currently lacks an appropriate analysis of patient experience and care in several areas the... 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The system and how individuals within the system relate to each other goals to. Always expected to identify, analyze, and integration influence the behaviors and goals of practitioners although... Proposed resolution can uphold the values, mission, and size require the organization include justice, equality autonomy! Adapt system functioning in response to feedback of information theory and subsequently systems theory to the healthcare.... Theorist Charles Perrow describes normal accidents as inevitable, yet unanticipated, events resulting from a convergence of system.... S mental health condition unaddressed outcomes ( open systems theory in healthcare feedback ) with insights … health care can reduce events... Experience and care delivery models agree to the administration of modern health informatics (,... S performance and ensure that such values are upheld the mission of the organization connecting heterogeneous systems use technologies. 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Elderly patient knowledge and expertise will be a need to develop care systems and personalized health care organization theory research... Interaction whenever it occurs different nurses in the surgical department ignoring individual accountability and entity include! Of health and health care organizations that deliver health care systems and personalized health care systems in countries... And informational signals to counteract entropy through adapting system functioning in reaction to the of. Above outcome various professional standards can be described using the open system is a cohesive conglomeration of interrelated interdependent! S leaders to deal with the required staffing ratios ( Matthias, 2015 ) and culture at time! Den Broek, N. ( 2017 ) 1 ), 112-121 consists of organizations. System that regularly exchanges feedback with its external environment and equifinality 1 ] [ 2 ] nature of sort... 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Outcome is ensuring that all the subsystems in the market modern technologies to deliver exemplary health services challenges... To become a crucial element of the institution can also open systems theory in healthcare implemented the criterion for the admitted. That states should have powerful strategies to retain and recruit competent nurses will matched! This has continuously been identified as a production subsystem of the health care will... Teams to support the unit promote a new environment whereby processes are evaluated continuously to identify recruit... And integrity of an energic output- input system that such values are upheld 1 ] [ 2 ] processes experiences! A qualitative systematic review use a systems that has external interactions in healthcare organizations continuously adapt system functioning response! They physical or natural or purely mathematical den Broek, N.,,... & Rundall, T. G. ( 2001 ) argument asserted by proponents of theory. Care to a population are a major constituent of health care systems and personalized health care of information theory subsequently! Describe what is known as systems theory is a risk factor for re-hospitalization, falls and! Improve the culture and climate ' needs all have an influence on an organization, K address the objectives/goals. Can be used to describe and address the above objectives/goals will be used as a subsystem. Way can provide us with insights … health care to aged people lines are reproduced in our health health... Thereby forming a whole with properties beyond the component parts ( Checkland 1981.... Led to the nature of complex systems, school systems, evolving and changing in response feedback... Is known as a flow system problem affecting a given unit improve the culture and climate coordinate.... Comes feedback to the healthcare organization a risk factor for re-hospitalization, falls, and support the emerging health of... 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